Given a closed smooth manifold M of even dimension 2n ≥ 6 with finite fundamental group, we show that the classifying space BDiff(M ) of the diffeomorphism group of M is of finite type and has finitely generated homotopy groups in every degree. We also prove a variant of this result for manifolds with boundary and deduce that the space of smooth embeddings of a compact submanifold N ⊂ M of arbitrary codimension into M has finitely generated higher homotopy groups based at the inclusion, provided the fundamental group of the complement is finite.We begin with the main result.Theorem A. Let M be a closed smooth manifold of dimension 2n ≥ 6. If π 1 (M ) is finite at all basepoints, then the space BDiff(M ) and all its homotopy groups are of finite type.Here BDiff(M ) denotes the classifying space of the group Diff(M ) of diffeomorphisms of M in the smooth topology and being of finite type refers to the following finiteness condition: Definition. A space X is of finite type if it is weakly homotopy equivalent to a CW-complex with finitely many cells in each dimension. A group G is of finite type (or of type F ∞ ) if it admits an Eilenberg-MacLane space K(G, 1) of finite type.Theorem A has the following immediate corollary.
Corollary B.For a manifold M as in Theorem A, the homotopy groups of BDiff(M ) are degreewise finitely generated. The same holds for the homology and cohomology groups with coefficients in any Z[π 0 (Diff(M ))]-module A that is finitely generated as an abelian group.Remark. There are variants of Theorem A for spaces of homeomorphisms and for manifolds M that have boundary or come with tangential structures (see Section 5).Before explaining further applications of Theorem A and elaborating on its assumptions, we put this result in a historical context. During this overview, we fix a closed connected smooth manifold M of dimension d ≥ 6.Context. The study of finiteness properties of diffeomorphism groups and their classifying spaces has a long history in geometric topology. Combining work Borel-Serre [BS73] and Sullivan [Sul77], it was known since the 70's that if M is simply connected, then the group π 0 (Diff(M )) of isotopy classes of diffeomorphisms of M is of finite type and thus finitely generated. It was also known that this result has its limits: based on work of Hatcher-Wagoner [HW73], Hatcher [Hat78, Theorem 4.1] and Hsiang-Sharpe [HS76, Theorem 2.5] showed that this can fail in the presence of infinite fundamental group, for instance for the high-dimensional torus M = × d S 1 . Later Triantafillou [Tri99, Corollary 5.3] weakened the condition on the fundamental group to allow all finite groups as long as M is orientable.These results can be interpreted as finiteness results for the fundamental group of the classifying space BDiff(M ) for smooth fibre bundles with fibre M . Around the same time as Sullivan's work appeared, Waldhausen [Wal78] developed a programme to systematically study these and related classifying spaces. It was known (see [Hat78, Proposition 7.5] for a proof outline) tha...