Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Uganda: A Problem or Not?

Muwonge, Adrian; Patience, Ashemeire; Kankya, Clovice; Biffa, Demelash; Skjerve, Eystein; Oloya, James

doi:10.5772/22995

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Until recently, the focus has been on identifying known zoonotic mycobacteria such as M. bovis ; however, not much is known about the epidemiology and implications of the other potentially zoonotic mycobacteria including M. avium intracellulare complex and other NTM (Gcebe & Hlokwe, 2017). This is despite the growing evidence base of the role of NTM as true human pathogens in NTM pulmonary disease, their resistance to first‐ and second‐line anti‐TB drugs and the implications for the management of human TB cases (Cheng et al., 2017; Fedrizzi et al., 2017; Hoza et al., 2016; Kankya et al., 2011; Monde, Munyeme, Muwonge, Muma, & Malama, 2018; Muwonge et al, 2011; Nishiuchi et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2014). In addition to their growing pathogenic significance and drug resistance, environmental NTM compromise accurate diagnosis of TB in both humans and livestock, through the cross‐reactivity and the reduction in sensitivity of common diagnostic tests (Gcebe & Hlokwe, 2017; Jenkins et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification and associated risk factors of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria infection in humans and dromedary camels in Samburu County, Kenya

Asaava

Githui

Mwangi

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria are of public health significance, and zoonotic infection is attributed to the sociocultural practice of consumption of raw milk and the close human–livestock contact in pastoral communities. This study aimed at isolation, identification of mycobacteria from human sputum and camel milk and risk factors assessment in Samburu East, Kenya. Six hundred and twelve camels and 48 people presumed to have tuberculosis (TB) from 86 households in Wamba and Waso regions were screened. Camels were categorized into Somali, Turkana and Rendile breeds. Single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT) was used as a herd‐screening test on lactating camels and a milk sample collected from reactive camels. Sputum samples were collected from eligible members of participating households. A standard questionnaire on possible risk factors for both humans and camels was administered to respective household heads or their representatives. Total camel skin test reactors were 238/612 (38.9%). Milk and sputum samples were analysed at KEMRI/TB research laboratory for microscopy, GeneXpert®, culture and identification. Isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at Inqaba biotec in South Africa. Sixty‐four isolates were acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) positive of which M. fortuitum (3), M. szulgai (20), M. monacense (5), M. lehmanni (4), M. litorale (4), M. elephantis (3), M. duvalii (3), M. brasiliensis (1), M. arcueilense (1) and M. lentiflavum (1) were from milk; M. fortuitum (1), M. szulgai (2) and M. litorale (1) were from humans. Risk factors included the following: Turkana breed (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2–9.3), replacements from outside the County (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 0.3–12.3), presence of other domestic species (small stock; OR = 4.6) and replacement from within the herd (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 0.7–14.7). Zoonotic risk practices included raw milk consumption, shared housing and handling camels. Monitoring of zoonotic NTM through surveillance and notification systems is required.

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