Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniaeas primary causes of acute otitis media in colombian children: a prospective study

Sierra, Alexandra; López, Pío; Zapata, Mercedes A.; Vanegas, B.; Castrejón, Maria Mercedes; DeAntonio, Rodrigo; Hausdorff, William P.; Colindres, Rómulo E.

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-4

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Among the episodes reported, H. influenzae (55.5%) and S. pneumoniae (34.9%) were the most commonly isolated bacteria. This is in-line with other studies who have reported these bacteria to be frequently isolated in other Latin American countries including Argentina [36], Chile [13], Costa Rica [12,37], Mexico [38] and Colombia [39]. Following the introduction of PCV-7 and the inclusion of the vaccine into the universal immunization program in the United States, a significant decrease in the proportion of S. pneumoniae and an increase in H. influenzae proportion among MEF isolates have been reported (2003-2006) [40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Non-capsulated and capsulated Haemophilus influenzaein children with acute otitis media in Venezuela: a prospective epidemiological study

et al. 2012

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BackgroundNon-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are major causes of bacterial acute otitis media (AOM). Data regarding AOM are limited in Latin America. This is the first active surveillance in a private setting in Venezuela to characterize the bacterial etiology of AOM in children < 5 years of age.MethodsBetween December 2008 and December 2009, 91 AOM episodes (including sporadic, recurrent and treatment failures) were studied in 87 children enrolled into a medical center in Caracas, Venezuela. Middle ear fluid samples were collected either by tympanocentesis or spontaneous otorrhea swab sampling method. Standard laboratory and microbiological techniques were used to identify bacteria and test for antimicrobial resistance. The results were interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2009 for non-meningitis isolates. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.1 and Microsoft Excel (for graphical purposes).ResultsOverall, bacteria were cultured from 69.2% (63 of the 91 episodes); at least one pathogen (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. pyogenes or M. catarrhalis) was cultured from 65.9% (60/91) of episodes. H. influenzae (55.5%; 35/63 episodes) and S. pneumoniae (34.9%; 22/63 episodes) were the most frequently reported bacteria. Among H. influenzae isolates, 62.9% (22/35 episodes) were non-capsulated (NTHi) and 31.4% (11/35 episodes) were capsulated including types d, a, c and f, across all age groups. Low antibiotic resistance for H. influenzae was observed to amoxicillin/ampicillin (5.7%; 2/35 samples). NTHi was isolated in four of the six H. influenzae positive samples (66.7%) from recurrent episodes.ConclusionsWe found H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae to be the main pathogens causing AOM in Venezuela. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines with efficacy against these bacterial pathogens may have the potential to maximize protection against AOM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Non-capsulated and capsulated Haemophilus influenzaein children with acute otitis media in Venezuela: a prospective epidemiological study

et al. 2012

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“…AOM is predominantly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis (Sierra et al, 2011;Qureishi et al, 2014). However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common aerobic microbial isolates in patients with CSOM, followed by Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Table 2) (Sattar et al, 2012;Aduda et al, 2013;Prakash et al, 2013).…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

Mittal

Lisi

Gerring

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

200

161

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Otitis media (OM) is an inflammation of the middle ear associated with infection. Despite appropriate therapy, acute OM (AOM) can progress to chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) associated with ear drum perforation and purulent discharge. The effusion prevents the middle ear ossicles from properly relaying sound vibrations from the ear drum to the oval window of the inner ear, causing conductive hearing loss. In addition, the inflammatory mediators generated during CSOM can penetrate into the inner ear through the round window. This can cause the loss of hair cells in the cochlea, leading to sensorineural hearing loss. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most predominant pathogens that cause CSOM. Although the pathogenesis of AOM is well studied, very limited research is available in relation to CSOM. With the emergence of antibiotic resistance as well as the ototoxicity of antibiotics and the potential risks of surgery, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies against CSOM. This warrants understanding the role of host immunity in CSOM and how the bacteria evade these potent immune responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to CSOM will help in designing novel treatment modalities against the disease and hence preventing the hearing loss. IntroductionOtitis media (OM) refers to a group of complex infectious and inflammatory diseases affecting the middle ear (Dickson, 2014). OM in general is very common, as studies show that around 80 % of children should have experienced at least one episode by their third birthday (Teele et al., 1989). OM has been broadly classified into two main types, acute and chronic. Acute OM (AOM) is characterized by the rapid onset of signs of inflammation, specifically bulging and possible perforation of the tympanic membrane, fullness and erythema, as well as symptoms associated with inflammation such as otalgia, irritability and fever (Pukander, 1983;Harkness & Topham, 1998). Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, AOM may progress to chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) characterized by persistent drainage from the middle ear associated with a perforated ear drum (Wintermeyer & Nahata, 1994;Harkness & Topham, 1998). When examined by otoscope, the middle ear looks red and inflamed with purulent discharge in CSOM patients (Figs 1 and 2). It is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide especially affecting children (Roland, 2002; Verhoeff et al., 2006). Hearing impairment is one of the most common sequelae of CSOM (Aarhus et al., 2015). The resultant hearing loss can have a negative impact on a child's speech development, education and behaviour (Olatoke et al., 2008; Khairi Md Daud et al., 2010). Mortality due to complications of CSOM is typically higher than other types of OM (Yorgancilar et al., 2013a;Qureishi et al., 2014). Intracranial complications like brain abscess and meningitis are the most common causes of death in CSOM patients (Dubey et al., 2010;Chew et al., 2012;Sun & Sun, 2014).In this article, the rec...

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“…We reviewed 71 fulltext articles, of which 12 were included (Supplemental Fig 3). 12,18,21,30,[35][36][37][38]41,[43][44] …”

Section: Aommentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Prevalence and Antimicrobial Prescribing Trends for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

Kronman¹,

2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Many pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) are viral and do not require antimicrobial treatment. Recent estimates of antimicrobial overprescribing for these infections, defined based on the published bacterial disease prevalence among all ARTI, are not available. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Based on the published bacterial prevalence rates for pediatric ARTI, antimicrobial agents are prescribed almost twice as often as expected to outpatients nationally, amounting to an estimated 11.4 million potentially preventable antimicrobial prescriptions annually. abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobials are frequently prescribed for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI), although many are viral. We aimed to determine bacterial prevalence rates for 5 common childhood ARTI -acute otitis media (AOM), sinusitis, bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection, and pharyngitis-and to compare these rates to nationally representative antimicrobial prescription rates for these ARTI. METHODS:We performed (1) a meta-analysis of English language pediatric studies published between 2000 and 2011 in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library to determine ARTI bacterial prevalence rates; and (2) a retrospective cohort analysis of children age ,18 years evaluated in ambulatory clinics sampled by the 2000-2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) to determine estimated US ARTI antimicrobial prescribing rates. RESULTS:From the meta-analysis, the AOM bacterial prevalence was 64.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.5%-77.7%); Streptococcus pyogenes prevalence during pharyngitis was 20.2% (95% CI, 15.9%-25.2%). No URI or bronchitis studies met inclusion criteria, and 1 sinusitis study met inclusion criteria, identifying bacteria in 78% of subjects. Based on these condition-specific bacterial prevalence rates, the expected antimicrobial rescribing rate for ARTI overall was 27.4% (95% CI, 26.5%-28.3%). However, antimicrobial agents were prescribed in NAMCS during 56.9% (95% CI, 50.8%-63.1%) of ARTI encounters, representing an estimated 11.4 million potentially preventable antimicrobial prescriptions annually.

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Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniaeas primary causes of acute otitis media in colombian children: a prospective study

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Non-capsulated and capsulated Haemophilus influenzaein children with acute otitis media in Venezuela: a prospective epidemiological study

Non-capsulated and capsulated Haemophilus influenzaein children with acute otitis media in Venezuela: a prospective epidemiological study

Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

Bacterial Prevalence and Antimicrobial Prescribing Trends for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

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