Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Meningitis in an Adult Patient with HIV Infection: The Hostage-Taking Situation. Is There Any Solution?

Tarik, Hanafi; Titou, Hicham; Hasna, Kerrouch; Rachid, Frikh; Hjira, Naoufal; Boui, Mohammed

doi:10.23937/2378-3656/1410294

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Neurological complications occurring due to Salmonella infection of the brain remain a matter of serious concern [ 1 ]. Such infections are associated with frequent relapse episodes, neurological abnormalities along with severe side effects such as auditory and visual impairments, mental retardation and poor prognosis leading to high mortality rates [ 2 ]. Previous reports in mouse models have also elaborated on the ineffectiveness of antibiotics in completely curing infections of such kind [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-directional elucidation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (RTA 8) intervention on the pathophysiology of gut-brain axis during Salmonella brain infection

Kaur

Chopra

et al. 2022

Gut Pathog

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Background There have been reports of patients suffering from typhoid fever, particularly those involving infants and immunocompromised patients, which at times present with Salmonella induced brain infection. Although rare, it has frequently been associated with adverse neurological complications and increased mortality. In this context, the gut-brain axis, involving two-way communication between the gut and the brain, holds immense significance as various gut ailments have been associated with psychiatric complications. In turn, several neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with an altered gut microbiota profile. Given the paucity of effective antimicrobials and increasing incidence of multi-drug resistance in pathogens, alternate treatment therapies such as probiotics have gained significant attention in the recent past. Results In the current study, prophylactic effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (RTA 8) in preventing neurological complications occurring due to Salmonella brain infection was evaluated in a murine model. Along with a significant reduction in bacterial burden and improved histoarchitecture, L. plantarum (RTA 8) administration resulted in amelioration in the level of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in the gut as well as in the brain tissue. Simultaneously, increased gene expression of physiologically essential molecules such as mucin (MUC1 and MUC3) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also observed in this group. Conclusion Present study highlights the potential benefits of a probiotic supplemented diet in improving various aspects of host health due to their multi-targeted approach, thereby resulting in multi-faceted gains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-directional elucidation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (RTA 8) intervention on the pathophysiology of gut-brain axis during Salmonella brain infection

Kaur

Chopra

et al. 2022

Gut Pathog

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“…The situation, particularly in infants, presents with a poor prognosis along with relatively high mortality rate and is usually associated with serious side effects that can result in lasting damage (Dewan et al, 2009;Joshi et al, 2011). Incidence of not only typhoidal (Kankananarachchi et al, 2019) but also non-typhoidal serovars (Hanafi et al, 2020) is being increasingly implicated in such manifestations, which has alarmed the scientific community world over (Nadeem et al, 2019). Low index of suspicion, resulting in inability to provide prompt medication by the clinicians, has contributed to adverse outcome in patients (Samal et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Strain Specificity Determines Post-typhoid Central Nervous System Complications: Intervention by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum at Gut-Brain Axis

et al. 2020

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Neurological complications occurring due to Salmonella infection in some typhoid patients remain a relatively unexplored serious complication. This study firstly aimed to explore whether disseminative ability of Salmonella from gut to brain is strain specific or not and on the basis of bacterial load, histopathology, and behavioral changes, it was observed that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium NCTC 74 did not cause brain infection in murine model in contrast to Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344. Simultaneously, alarming escalation in antimicrobial resistance, making the existing antibiotics treatment inefficacious, prompted us to evaluate other bio-compatible strategies as a potential treatment option. In this context, the role of gut microbiota in influencing behavior, brain neurochemistry, and physiology by modulating key molecules associated with gut-brain axis has captured the interest of the scientific community. Followed by in vitro screening of potential probiotic strains for beneficial attributes, efficacy of the selected strain was systematically evaluated at various levels of gut-brain axis against Salmonella induced brain infection. Analysis of behavioral (depression, anxiety, and locomotor), neurochemical [gamma amino butyric acid and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)], neuropathological (brain and intestinal histology; bacterial burden), and immunohistochemical studies (tight junction proteins expression) revealed its role in preventing serious manifestations and proving its potential as "psychobiotic." To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report elaborating strain specificity of Salmonella in causing post-typhoidal neurological manifestations and simultaneous use of probiotic in managing the same by influencing the pathophysiology at gut-brain axis.

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Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Meningitis in an Adult Patient with HIV Infection: The Hostage-Taking Situation. Is There Any Solution?

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Bi-directional elucidation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (RTA 8) intervention on the pathophysiology of gut-brain axis during Salmonella brain infection

Bi-directional elucidation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (RTA 8) intervention on the pathophysiology of gut-brain axis during Salmonella brain infection

Salmonella Strain Specificity Determines Post-typhoid Central Nervous System Complications: Intervention by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum at Gut-Brain Axis

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