“…In reality, non-linearity occurs after all, and non-linearity in electron to voltage conversion is defined as V/Q non-linearity; the nonlinearity in voltage to code value conversion is defined as DN/V non-linearity. For CCD sensors, DV/V non-linearity is paramount, while for CMOS sensors, V/Q non-linearity is paramount [6,7] . Modulation transfer function (MTF) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are the core performance indicators of scientific image sensors.…”