“…Therefore, much emphasis is placed on increasing the time for care through strategies that eliminate waste and enhance efficiency. Thus, nursing activities have been classified as value-added (direct and indirect care), necessary (documentation), and non-value-added or waste (hunting for and gathering supplies) (Storfjell, Ohlson, Omoike, Fitzpatrick, & Wetasin, 2009;Thompson, Johnston, & Spur, 2009;Upenieks, Akhavan, & Kotlerman, 2008). Advocates of this approach encourage transformations in workflows and care processes that shift nursing time toward value-added activities and away from activities in the other categories (Storfjell et al, 2009;Upenieks et al, 2008).…”