Non-Viral Episomal Vector Mediates Efficient Gene Transfer of the β-Globin Gene into K562 and Human Haematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Abstract

β-Thalassemia is a subgroup of inherited blood disorders associated with mild to severe anemia with few and limited conventional therapy options. Lately, lentiviral vector-based gene therapy has been successfully applied for disease treatment. However, the current development of non-viral episomal vectors (EV), non-integrating and non-coding for viral proteins, may be helpful in generating valid alternatives to viral vectors. We constructed a non-viral, episomal vector pEPβ-globin for the physiological β-globin gene based on two human chromosomal elements: the scaffold or matrix attachment region (S/MAR), allowing for long nuclear retention and non-integration and the β-globin replication initiation region (IR), allowing for enhancement of replication and establishment. After nucleofections into K562 cells with a transfection efficiency of 24.62 ± 7.7%, the vector induces stable transfection and is detected in long-term cultures as a non-integrating, circular episome expressing the β-globin gene efficiently. Transfections into CD34+ cells demonstrate an average efficiency of 15.57 ± 11.64%. In the colony-forming cell assay, fluorescent colonies are 92.21%, which is comparable to those transfected with vector pEP-IR at 92.68%. Additionally, fluorescent colonies produce β-globin mRNA at a physiologically 3-fold higher level than the corresponding non-transfected cells. Vector pEPβ-globin provides the basis for the development of therapeutic EV for gene therapy of β-thalassemias.

A Simple Nonviral Method to Generate Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using SMAR DNA Vectors

“…SMAR vectors represent a promising alternative to traditional virusbased therapeutic vectors, as they can carry larger therapeutic genes with lower treatmentassociated toxicity than many viral vectors. In ground-breaking work, SMAR DNA vectors have been effectively used to genetically engineer haematopoietic progenitor cells with therapeutic genes [28][29][30] and to genetically correct a mouse model of blindness [31]. We built on this work with a recent study that demonstrated that gene augmentation of the 16 kb USH2A gene in zebrafish retinas using SMAR vectors, with transgene expression still detectable in vivo after 12 months [32].…”