In recent years, there has been a heightened interest
in the self-assembly
of nanoparticles (NPs) that is mediated by their adsorption onto lipid
membranes. The interplay between the adhesive energy of NPs on a lipid
membrane and the membrane’s curvature energy causes it to wrap
around the NPs. This results in an interesting membrane curvature-mediated
interaction, which can lead to the self-assembly of NPs on lipid membranes.
Recent studies have demonstrated that Janus spherical NPs, which adhere
to lipid vesicles, can self-assemble into well-ordered nanoclusters
with various geometries, including a few Platonic solids. The present
study explores the additional effect of geometric anisotropy on the
self-assembly of Janus NPs on lipid vesicles. Specifically, the current
study utilized extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate
the arrangement of Janus spherocylindrical NPs on lipid vesicles.
We found that the additional geometric anisotropy significantly expands
the range of NPs’ self-assemblies on lipid vesicles. The specific
geometries of the resulting nanoclusters depend on several factors,
including the number of Janus spherocylindrical NPs adhering to the
vesicle and their aspect ratio. The lipid membrane-mediated self-assembly
of NPs, demonstrated by this work, provides an alternative cost-effective
route for fabricating highly engineered nanoclusters in three dimensions.
Such structures, with the current wide range of material choices,
have great potential for advanced applications, including biosensing,
bioimaging, drug delivery, nanomechanics, and nanophotonics.