2019
DOI: 10.2337/dc18-1631
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Nonadherence to Insulin Therapy Detected by Bluetooth-Enabled Pen Cap Is Associated With Poor Glycemic Control

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To objectively evaluate adherence to timing and dosing of insulin by using Bluetooth pen caps and examine factors related to adherence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Bluetooth-enabled insulin pen caps were used in younger (ages 18–35 years) and older (ages ≥65 years) adults on two or more insulin injections per day. RESULTS We evaluated 75 participant… Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(40 citation statements)
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“…[1][2][3][4] Difficulties with insulin dosing and inaccurate dose timing have been shown to result in poor glycemic control for people with diabetes. 5,6 The impact of missed insulin injections on HbA 1c levels is well established, [7][8][9][10][11][12] leading to an increasing risk of diabetes-related complications. 13,14 Technological advances offer opportunities to optimize insulin delivery, reduce dosing errors, and improve regimen management.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3][4] Difficulties with insulin dosing and inaccurate dose timing have been shown to result in poor glycemic control for people with diabetes. 5,6 The impact of missed insulin injections on HbA 1c levels is well established, [7][8][9][10][11][12] leading to an increasing risk of diabetes-related complications. 13,14 Technological advances offer opportunities to optimize insulin delivery, reduce dosing errors, and improve regimen management.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another study using a Bluetooth-enabled insulin pen cap (Gocap) evaluated the timing and dosing accuracy of insulin in younger (18-35 years) and older (≥65 years) groups of 75 participants who injected both basal and meal time insulin 2 or more times per day. 29 The Bluetooth-enabled pen cap registered the position of the pen plunger along with confirmation of dose and time. Twenty-four percent of meal-time and correction doses and 36% of basal doses were either not timed or dosed accurately.…”
Section: Missed or Delayed Insulin Dosesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The second attachment is Common Sensing's Gocap, 43 which also interfaces with an app. While Gocap was used in research detailed earlier, 29,38 it is not currently commercially available. Based on FDA regulations, insulin attachments and delivery devices go through 1 of several regulatory review pathways that include 510(k) exempt, clearance, or approval.…”
Section: • Tracking Insulin Pens (Stages 1-3)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Insulin metrics generated by automated data analysis could be used to identify insulin dosing practices that contribute to suboptimal glucose control. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] This includes several aspects of insulin dosing behavior such as missed food boluses, delayed boluses, suboptimal meal boluses, dosing to correct hyperglycemia, and insulin dosing practices contributing to hypoglycemia. Connected insulin pens also can provide insights about needle priming practices.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%