Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A New Frontier for Hepatology in Bangladesh and a Call for Action to Combat

Alam, Shahinul; Hossain, Mujtahid Mohammad; Azam, Golam; Mustafa, Golam; Alam, Mahbubul; Sayeed, Abu; Khan, Mobin; Ahmad, Nooruddin

doi:10.3329/jbcps.v35i4.34739

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“… 13 In this study, with concern to body mass index, 3.3% were underweight, 35.5% were normal in weight, 48.8% were overweight, and lastly, 12% were in the obese category. Demographic characteristics are similar to previous studies, 3 , 8 , 9 , 13 which indicates that our study samples are representative of the general population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…About one‐third population of Bangladesh is affected by NAFLD, 3 and the prevalence is higher than in surrounding nations, putting this population at an increased risk of liver‐related morbidity and mortality. Early to midlife adults, diabetic, overweight, and obese individuals, rural women, and married individuals were found to be at a greater risk of developing NAFLD than others 3,8,9 . So far, it is sought for, from the Bangladeshi point of view, there is no evidence of pertinent data regarding the economic impact of NAFLD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early to midlife adults, diabetic, overweight, and obese individuals, rural women, and married individuals were found to be at a greater risk of developing NAFLD than others. 3 , 8 , 9 So far, it is sought for, from the Bangladeshi point of view, there is no evidence of pertinent data regarding the economic impact of NAFLD. Since the prevalence of NAFLD is significant and perhaps, rising in this country, it is imperative to estimate the economic burden of NAFLD among the affected population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating the cost of illness of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bangladesh

Alam,

Islam Alin,

Begum

et al. 2023

JGH Open

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Background and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern, affecting about 45 million of the Bangladeshi population. There is a paucity of research on the economic burden of NAFLD. The study aims to estimate the cost of illness of NAFLD in Bangladesh.MethodsIn this prospective, cross‐sectional study, a total of 250 patients of NAFLD, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and NASH cirrhosis were included from public and private hospitals. Costs of hospitalization, physician fees, investigation costs, expenditures on medical procedures, drugs; and nonmedical costs such as transport expenses and other informal payments (tips) were estimated.ResultsThe overall cost per patient per evaluation was (16.90–46 942.00) USD. The cost in public and private hospitals was 384.76 and 1146.93 USD, respectively. The cost per patient of NAFLD was 157.91 (16.90–955.08) USD, and for NASH cirrhosis was 1783.80 (422.48–46 942) USD. The cost of illness increased to USD 281.18 for diabetics and 254.52 USD for hypertensive. If all the NAFLD patients are evaluated once in healthcare settings, the projected cost will be 7.11 billion USD. In NAFLD, cost for investigations, medicines, transportation, and consultation of physicians was 49.08%, 32.41%, 11.11%, and 6.67%, respectively.ConclusionsNAFLD is causing a huge economic burden to the healthcare system. The cost of illness is increased with NASH cirrhosis. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the economic burden of NAFLD in Bangladesh and emphasizes the several ways of intervention to reduce the cost by preventive measures and accessible healthcare for affected individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimating the cost of illness of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bangladesh

Alam,

Islam Alin,

Begum

et al. 2023

JGH Open

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…NAFLD is affecting about one fourth of world population [1]. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in Asia pacific region, affecting 30% of the general population [3]. The prevalence of NAFLD in Bangladesh is 33.86% and there is no significant difference between the genders [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG) is a Reliable Biomarker to Predict Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Hossain¹,

Sultana²,

Zaman³

et al. 2020

JBM

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“…Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly linked to elevated body mass index (BMI) and is characterized by increased levels of liver function markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [4,5]. Age and food insecurity are independent risk factors for NAFLD [6,7], and educational attainment and other socioeconomic factors may also influence its development [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Among Bangladeshi Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Noor,

Shorovi,

Sarwar

et al. 2024

Cureus

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BackgroundLiver enzyme abnormalities can indicate underlying liver health issues and are influenced by various factors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of liver enzyme abnormalities and their associated factors among nonpregnant and nonlactating (NPNL) women in Bangladesh. MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted among 251 NPNL Bangladeshi women. Data on demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between liver enzyme abnormalities and associated factors. ResultsThe prevalence of liver enzyme abnormalities among participants was determined, with associated factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), monthly income, and food security status examined. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were observed in 54 (21.5%) and 47 (18.7%) of participants, respectively, with 116 (46.2%) exhibiting an AST/ALT ratio exceeding 1.71. Food insecurity was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of elevated ALT levels (24.4% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.02), as well as low monthly income (18.8%, 14.7% vs. 36.7%, P < 0.01) and higher BMI (11% vs. 27.7% and 25.6%, P = 0.02). Similar trends were observed for AST levels. Moreover, participants with a higher BMI exhibited significantly higher rates of at least one abnormal liver function enzyme (15.9% vs. 34.9%, P = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between abnormal liver enzyme levels and certain demographic and socioeconomic factors, specifically BMI and age. ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the prevalence of liver enzyme abnormalities and their associated factors among NPNL Bangladeshi women. The findings underscore the importance of addressing factors such as BMI and age in mitigating liver health issues in this population. Further research and targeted interventions are warranted to address these concerns effectively.

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A New Frontier for Hepatology in Bangladesh and a Call for Action to Combat

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Estimating the cost of illness of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bangladesh

Estimating the cost of illness of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bangladesh

Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG) is a Reliable Biomarker to Predict Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Among Bangladeshi Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

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