Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Could It Be the Next Medical Tsunami?

Bhandari, Priyanka; Sapra, Amit; Ajmeri, Mohitkumar S; Albers, C. E. S.; Sapra, Devanshika

doi:10.7759/cureus.23806

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There is evidence that NAFLD significantly increases overall mortality, and the mortality rate of NAFLD patients is higher than that of the general population [ 4 , 5 ]. NAFLD places an increasing burden on patients and their families and poses a major public health challenge [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of rumination on sleep quality among patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: a moderated mediation model of anxiety symptoms and resilience

et al. 2023

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Background Poor sleep raises the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hastens disease progression. It is critical to figure out what factors impact the sleep quality of NAFLD patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of anxiety symptoms in accounting for the impact of rumination on sleep quality and the moderating role of resilience on the associations of rumination with anxiety symptoms and sleep quality. Methods In the cross-sectional study, 285 NAFLD patients completed the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Ruminative Responses Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, and the 14-item Resilience Scale to measure sleep quality, rumination (including brooding and reflection), anxiety symptoms, and resilience, respectively. The PROCESS macro for SPSS v4.0 procedure was applied to perform moderated mediation analysis. Results The roles of anxiety symptoms in accounting for the positive associations of brooding, reflection and rumination with poor sleep quality were revealed. It was found that there was a significant moderating role of resilience on the positive associations of brooding, reflection and rumination with anxiety symptoms, which were gradually reduced as resilience increased. The direct associations between brooding, reflection and rumination and poor sleep quality were not significantly moderated by resilience. Thus, a moderated mediation model involving anxiety symptoms and resilience for explaining the impact of rumination on poor sleep quality was supported among patients with NAFLD. Conclusions Rumination (including brooding and reflection) could be positively related to poor sleep quality, and anxiety symptoms had a significant role in accounting for the relationship among patients with NAFLD. Resilience showed a moderating role that could attenuate the positive association between rumination and anxiety symptoms. Interventions aimed at alleviating rumination, reducing anxiety symptoms, and enhancing resilience could improve the sleep quality of NAFLD patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of rumination on sleep quality among patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: a moderated mediation model of anxiety symptoms and resilience

et al. 2023

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“…Since its first report in 1980, the prevalence of NAFLD has been on the rise ( 18 ). In the past two decades, NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver in adults and children in developed countries ( 19 , 20 ). In PLWH, chronic liver disease has also become the second leading cause of non-HIV-related mortality ( 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variation in NAFLD prevalence and risk factors among people living with HIV in Europe: a meta-analysis

Jin,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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Background and AimEurope faces an elevated risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among people living with HIV (PLWH), contributing to the region’s highest global burden of NAFLD. However, the prevalence of NAFLD across various European countries and regions remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with NAFLD among PLWH across European countries.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Data on the prevalence of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis, as well as the associated risk factors, were collected among PLWH in Europe.ResultsThirty-six studies from 13 European nations were included. The prevalence of NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis were 42% (95%CI 37–48), 35% (95%CI 21–50) and 13% (95%CI 10–15), respectively. Male gender, BMI, waist circumference, Diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST, and years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were found to be risk factors for NAFLD. High BMI and triglycerides were associated with NASH. Patients with high BMI and triglycerides are at increased risk of significant liver fibrosis.ConclusionThe high prevalence of NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis among PLWH in Europe highlights the need for early screening, intervention, and increased research focus on adolescents living with HIV. Furthermore, the significant variations observed between countries and regions underscore the influence of related risk factors.

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“…22 It has been categorized in class C. Women in pregnancy are at risk of getting children with a low weight if they take Zolpidem during pregnancy. 22,23 Zaleplon is available as intravenous and oral preparations. Has the same side effects as zolpidem but has high incidences of hallucination and hypersensitivity 22,23 The dose should also be decreased in the elderly because of their slow metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,23 Zaleplon is available as intravenous and oral preparations. Has the same side effects as zolpidem but has high incidences of hallucination and hypersensitivity 22,23 The dose should also be decreased in the elderly because of their slow metabolism. 23 Antihistamine drugs are also another group of drugs used in the treatment of insomnia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing potential drugs for insomnia through computational analysis

Oronyi,

Kagia

2023

F1000Res

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Introduction: Insomnia is a condition that affects the quality of life of an individual. It is associated with a lack of sleep or interrupted sleep. If not managed, insomnia may end up causing conditions such as obesity, heart conditions, hypertension, and mental disorders. Lack of sleep is also associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. There is, therefore, a need to develop a drug that manages insomnia with desirable clinical outcomes Methods: The canonical smiles of Zolpidem, Suvorexant, Ramelteon, and Triazolam were obtained from PubChem. The study used the online tool SwissSimilarity to identify structural analogs for Zolpidem, Suvorexant, Ramelteon, and Triazolam. The canonical smiles were copied to PubChem Sketcher were converted to a 2- dimensional (2D) format. The Avogadro was used to optimize the ligands. The respective receptors were obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Chimera was used to prepare the receptor and the docking, using AutoDock Vina. SwissADME and Protox server was used in the determination of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles, respectively. Results: Docking scores, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiles of the analogs were recorded. Nine structural analogs from the ZINC database (ZINC000004222622, ZINC000003981996, ZINC000003825731, ZINC000000000903, ZINC000039247014, ZINC000010152022, ZINC000000347721, ZINC000065743121 ZINC000022054496) were found to have a better docking score, blood brain barrier permeability, Lipinski’s violations, synthesizability index, gastrointestinal tract absorption, p-glycoprotein substrate metabolism LD50 compared to the parent drug molecules. All the nine molecules had good synthesizability index, gastrointestinal absorption and zero Lipinski violations indicating good oral availability. Conclusions: Ramelteon analogs ZINC000004222622, ZINC000003981996, and ZINC000003825731, Triazolam drug-like molecules, ZINC000000000903, ZINC000039247014, ZINC000010152022, and ZINC000000347721 and Zolpidem drug-like molecules ZINC000065743121 and ZINC000022054496 were identified as the best compound bases on the pharmacokinetic binding to the respective receptors and toxicity profiles.

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Could It Be the Next Medical Tsunami?

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of rumination on sleep quality among patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: a moderated mediation model of anxiety symptoms and resilience

Impact of rumination on sleep quality among patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: a moderated mediation model of anxiety symptoms and resilience

Regional variation in NAFLD prevalence and risk factors among people living with HIV in Europe: a meta-analysis

Developing potential drugs for insomnia through computational analysis

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