Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome in Class III Obesity Individuals

Abstract

Introduction. Obesity is represented mainly by abdominal obesity and insulin resistance (IR), both present in most individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS). IR is the key risk factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objective. To relate NAFLD to MS in class III obese individuals. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional study with class III obese individuals, aged ≥ 20–60 years. Blood pressure measurement, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood glucose, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides data were obtained. HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance) calculation was carried out with a cutoff value of 2.71 for IR evaluation. The diagnosis of NAFLD was performed by liver biopsy and the diagnosis of MS was performed in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III). Results. Of the 50 individuals evaluated, 86% were women and BMI means were 45.4 ± 3.6 Kg/m2. The overall individuals had NAFLD, 70% steatosis, and 30% steatohepatitis. The diagnosis of MS occurred in 56% but showed no significant association with NAFLD (P = 0.254). Triglycerides (178 ± 65.5 mg/dL) and insulin (28.2 ± 22.6 mcU/mL) mean values were significantly higher in steatohepatitis (P = 0.002 and P = 0.042, resp.) compared to individuals with steatosis. IR was confirmed in 76% and showed a relationship with NAFLD severity. Conclusion. NAFLD was not related to MS; however, MS components, evaluated in isolation, as well as IR, were related to the presence and severity of NAFLD.

Phytosterol esters attenuate hepatic steatosis in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats fed a high-fat diet

“…Importantly, XOD, an enzyme involved in the production of UA from purine nucleotides, is an important source of oxidative stress. Numerous recent studies have indicated that metabolic syndrome (MS), including NAFLD or steatohepatitis (NASH), is likely related to hyperuricemia 22 . Xu C et al .…”

Discrimination of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Using Transient Elastography in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…However, the influence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension was attenuated in multivariate analysis, perhaps due to the overwhelming influence of the strong association between the risk of NASH and the three constituent variables of the CLA score. Indeed, in other studies that did not consider the influence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were selected as independent predictors of NASH [ 41 , 42 ]. Further studies with larger sample size might be required to investigate whether the addition of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension can enhance the overall prediction accuracy of the CLA score.…”

The effect of chitooligosaccharides on oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG 2 cells

“…NAFLD is more common in clinical practice and can seriously impact the quality of a patient’s life. The current clinical treatments for NAFLD include insulin sensitization agents, lipids, diet pills, antihypertensive agents, cell protective agents, anti-inflammatory cytokine antioxidants and other types (McCullough, 2004, Cordeiro et al, 2015). In recent years, with improvements of the living standards and the changes of the diet structure of the people, the incidence of NAFLD has increased year by year, but the pathogenesis is not entirely clear.…”