Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease versus metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: Prevalence, outcomes and implications of a change in name

Ng, Cheng Han; Huang, Daniel Q.; Nguyen, Mindie H.

doi:10.3350/cmh.2022.0070

Cited by 49 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…12,13 In contrast, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, which requires the presence of metabolic risk factors in the setting of hepatic steatosis, is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. 13,14 In this review, we focus on the causes and risk profiles of mortality among individuals with NAFLD (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and risk profiles of mortality among individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2023

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States and worldwide. Though nonalcoholic fatty liver per se may not be independently associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality, it is associated with a number of harmful metabolic risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and an unhealthy diet. The fibrosis stage is a predictor of all-cause mortality in NAFLD. Mortality in individuals with NAFLD has been steadily increasing, and the most common cause-specific mortality for NAFLD is cardiovascular disease, followed by extrahepatic cancer, liver-related mortality, and diabetes. High-risk profiles for mortality in NAFLD include PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism, low thyroid function and hypothyroidism, and sarcopenia. Achieving weight loss through adherence to a high-quality diet and sufficient physical activity is the most important predictor of improvement in NAFLD severity and the benefit of survival. Given the increasing health burden of NAFLD, future studies with more longterm mortality data may demonstrate an independent association between NAFLD and mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and risk profiles of mortality among individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2023

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“…However, the information provided in our analysis provides a worst-case scenario which may help policy makers in developing policies to raise awareness of NAFLD, while simultaneously providing direction and funding for reversing the upward trajectory for both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is particularly relevant as NAFLD is increasingly being recognized as a metabolic liver disease with a proposed name change to metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD) [ 41 ], and therapeutic strategies should include not only liver specific agents, such as anti-fibrotics, but also systemic metabolic modifying agents, such as antidiabetic and antilipid medications [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasted 2040 global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using hierarchical bayesian approach

et al. 2022

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Background: Due to increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. Current forecast models may not include non-obese NAFLD. We used a Bayesian approach forecasting the prevalence of NAFLD through 2040.Methods: Prevalence data from 245 articles involving 2,699,627 persons were used with a hierarchical Bayesian approach to forecast the prevalence of NAFLD through 2040. Subgroup analyses were conducted for age, gender, presence of metabolic syndrome, region, and smoking. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for clinical setting and study quality.Results: Forecasted 2040 prevalence rate was 55.7%, a 3-times increase since 1990 and 43.2% increase from the 2020 prevalence of 38.9%. The estimated average yearly increase since 2020 was 2.16%. For those aged <50 years and ≥50 years old, the 2040 prevalence rates were not different (56.7% vs 61.5%, P=0.52).There was a significant difference in 2040 prevalence by sex (males-60% vs.50%, P+) but trend is stepper for females (2.5% vs 1.5%, P=0.025). No difference in trends overtime by region (P=0.48). The rate of increase was significantly higher in those without metabolic syndrome (3.8% vs. 0.84%, P=0.003) and for smokers (1.4% vs. 1.1%, P=0.011). There was no difference by clinical/community setting (P=0.491) or the quality of the studies (P=0.85) Conclusion: By 2040, over half the adult population is forecasted to have NAFLD. The largest increases occur in women, smokers and those without metabolic syndrome. Intensification of efforts raising awareness and determining long term solutions addressing driving factors of NAFLD are needed.

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“…Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represent the hepatic manifestation of MS ( 87 ). The link between these two conditions is so high that several researchers prefer the term metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) ( 88 ).…”

Section: Extra Virgin Olive Oil’s Effects On Metabolic Syndrome Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical impact of an extra virgin olive oil enriched mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome: Lights and shadows of a nutraceutical approach

et al. 2022

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For years it has been established that the only truly effective treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) is lifestyle modification to prevent its cardiovascular (e.g., coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis), metabolic (e.g., diabetes mellitus), and hepatic (e.g., steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) complications. The focal points of this approach are to increase physical activity and intake of a diet characterized by high quantities of fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, and low-fat dairy products, the so called mediterranean diet (MD); however, the added value of MD is the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations (range 50–800 mg/kg) of phenols (oleuropein, ligstroside, and oleocanthal, and their derivatives, phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol). Phenolic compounds not only determine EVOO’s main organoleptic qualities (oxidative stability, specific flavor, and taste features) but, theoretically, make it a source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activity. Although many studies have been carried out on EVOO’s clinical effects and attention toward this dietary approach (healthy and palatable food with strong nutraceutical activity) has become increasingly pressing, there are still many dark sides to be clarified, both in terms of actual clinical efficacy and biochemical and molecular activity. Thus, we reviewed the international literature, trying to show the state of the art about EVOO’s clinical properties to treat MS (along with correlated complications) and the future prospective of its nutraceutical use.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease versus metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: Prevalence, outcomes and implications of a change in name

Cited by 49 publications

References 78 publications

Causes and risk profiles of mortality among individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Causes and risk profiles of mortality among individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Forecasted 2040 global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using hierarchical bayesian approach

The clinical impact of an extra virgin olive oil enriched mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome: Lights and shadows of a nutraceutical approach

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