“…Polyoxometalates (POMs), as types of classic metal–oxygen clusters, have a history of nearly 200 years and present diversiform architectures of different sizes and shapes. − The design and synthesis of novel POM materials have always been very valuable works due to their extensive potential applications in various fields such as photophysics, electrochemistry, magnetism, catalysis, medicine, and so on. − In the enormous family of POMs, the synthetic chemistry of transition-metal-substituted POMs (TMSPs) has experienced rapid development and generally has become the leading subject of POM science. − So far, a feasible strategy for making new TMSPs is using lacunary POM fragments as the structure-directing agents (SDAs) to induce the TM cations into the lacunary sites of POMs. − During the process of assembly, under the influence of experimental conditions such as pH and temperature, the lacunary fragments undergo a configuration transformation to form one or more types of building units that can cooperate each other to induce TM cation aggregation, resulting in the emergence of novel TMSP species with structural diversity and unique physicochemical properties. − …”