Nonaqueous Aluminum Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Prospects

electric vehicles, and more. [4,5] Among these rechargeable battery technologies, sodium, [6][7][8] magnesium, [9,10] zinc, [11,12] calcium, [13] and aluminum [14][15][16] ion batteries have drawn unique attention as the candidates of next-generation batteries. In particular, rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) hold impressive advantages, such as wide temperature range, high safety, and low cost. [17][18][19] However, there is still plenty of room for improving the energy density and long-term life cycle of the positive electrode materials in AIBs. Hence, it is significant to design appropriate positive electrode materials to promote the performance of current AIBs. Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of organic materials owing to their unique structural features, such as chemical diversity and structure designability, which allows for achieving suitable active molecules for targeted electrodes. [20][21][22] In addition, weak intermolecular forces between active ions in the electrolyte and host materials are beneficial to the reversibility and kinetics of electrochemical reactions. [23,24] Moreover, molecular engineering could be employed to manipulate the voltage plateaus, electrical conductivity, and structural stability of organic materials, which enables the organic molecules to serve as a promising candidate material for next-generation electrode materials.At present, organic electrode materials reported in the AIBs mainly refer to the oxygen or nitrogen active sites in the compounds with carbonyl (CO) or in the nitrogen-containing compounds (CN), due to their structural diversity and chemical stability. In addition, this type of organic material is mainly based on coordination chemical reactions. [21,22,[25][26][27][28] Specifically, many studies on the compounds with carbonyl functional group have been reported. For example, Stoddart [25] and his colleagues synthesized a redox-active phenanthraquinone (PQ) macrocyclic compound, and the corresponding insertion mechanism between aluminum complex ions and conjugated carbonyl materials has been studied. Subsequently, they have improved specific capacity, electrical conductivity, and areal loading via blending PQ with graphite flakes. In the study from Lu and coworkers, [26] a polyimide (PI)/metal-organic framework (MOFs) hybrid material was reported. Also, Wang and coworkers [22] employed PI/CNT as the positive material in Al-organic battery. In the Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) attract interest for their promising features of superior safety and long-life energy storage. Organic materials with engineered active groups are considered promising for promoting energy storage capabilities. However, the corresponding energy density (both voltage plateau and sufficient active sites required) and stability are still unexpectedly poor. To address these challenges, here π-conjugated organic porphyrin molecules, that is, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (H 2 TPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (H 2 TCPP), are selec...

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confidence: 99%

Stable High‐Capacity Organic Aluminum–Porphyrin Batteries

Han

Song

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…However, lithium-ion batteries may be not the best choice for large-scale energy storage applications and practical power grids, concerning its uneven distribution and the long-term unavailability of lithium resources. Consequently, ‘beyond-Li-ion’ batteries, including Mg-based batteries [ 3 ], Zn-based batteries [ 4 , 5 ], Na-based batteries [ 6 ], and Al-based batteries [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], have emerged as promising alternatives for electrochemical energy storage. Therein, aluminum-based batteries (ABs) exhibit considerable advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, safety, and high theoretical specific capacity due to the abundant aluminum reserves, nonflammability, light weight, and three-electron redox properties [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel K2Ti8O17 Anode via Na+/Al3+ Co-Intercalation Mechanism for Rechargeable Aqueous Al-Ion Battery with Superior Rate Capability

et al. 2021

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A promising aqueous aluminum ion battery (AIB) was assembled using a novel layered K2Ti8O17 anode against an activated carbon coated on a Ti mesh cathode in an AlCl3-based aqueous electrolyte. The intercalation/deintercalation mechanism endowed the layered K2Ti8O17 as a promising anode for rechargeable aqueous AIBs. NaAc was introduced into the AlCl3 aqueous electrolyte to enhance the cycling stability of the assembled aqueous AIB. The as-designed AIB displayed a high discharge voltage near 1.6 V, and a discharge capacity of up to 189.6 mAh g−1. The assembled AIB lit up a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) lasting more than one hour. Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) were employed to investigate the intercalation/deintercalation mechanism of Na+/Al3+ ions in the aqueous AIB. The results indicated that the layered structure facilitated the intercalation/deintercalation of Na+/Al3+ ions, thus providing a high-rate performance of the K2Ti8O17 anode. The diffusion-controlled electrochemical characteristics and the reduction of Ti4+ species during the discharge process illustrated the intercalation/deintercalation mechanism of the K2Ti8O17 anode. This study provides not only insight into the charge–discharge mechanism of the K2Ti8O17 anode but also a novel strategy to design rechargeable aqueous AIBs.

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“…The SP-1 natural graphite flake (SP-1) has exhibited a distinguishable charge-discharge profile, good capacity, and excellent stability [12]. Recently, metal oxides and sulfides have been employed as cathodes for AIBs and have achieved a capacity of more than 500 mAh/g [4,[13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effective 1T-MoS2 Grown on Graphite Cathode Materials for High-Temperature Rechargeable Aluminum Ion Batteries and Hydrogen Evolution in Water Splitting

Patil¹,

An²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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The high dependence on and high cost of lithium has led to a search for alternative materials. Aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) have gained interest due to their abundance, low cost, and high capacity. However, the use of the expensive 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) electrolyte in AIBs curtails its wide application. Recently, high-temperature batteries have also gained much attention owing to their high demand by industries. Herein, we introduce cost-effective 1T molybdenum sulfide grown on SP-1 graphite powder (1T-MoS2/SP-1) as a cathode material for high-temperature AIBs using the AlCl3-urea eutectic electrolyte (1T-MoS2/SP-1–urea system). The AIB using the 1T-MoS2/SP-1–urea system exhibited a capacity as high as 200 mAh/g with high efficiency of 99% over 100 cycles at 60 °C when cycled at the rate of 100 mA/g. However, the AIB displayed a capacity of 105 mAh/g when cycled at room temperature. The enhanced performance of the 1T-MoS2/SP-1–urea system is attributed to reduced viscosity of the AlCl3-urea eutectic electrolyte at higher temperatures with high compatibility of 1T-MoS2 with SP-1. Moreover, the electrocatalytic lithiation of 1T-MoS2 and its effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction were also investigated. We believe that our work can act as a beacon for finding alternative, cost-effective, and high-temperature batteries.

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Nonaqueous Aluminum Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Prospects

Abstract: Among these nonlithium metals, aluminum can deliver an optimal specific capacity per mass unit (2980 mAh g −1 ) and the highest volumetric capacity (8046 mAh cm −3 ), because of threeelectron redox properties.

Cited by 67 publications

References 136 publications

Stable High‐Capacity Organic Aluminum–Porphyrin Batteries

Stable High‐Capacity Organic Aluminum–Porphyrin Batteries

Novel K2Ti8O17 Anode via Na+/Al3+ Co-Intercalation Mechanism for Rechargeable Aqueous Al-Ion Battery with Superior Rate Capability

Cost-Effective 1T-MoS2 Grown on Graphite Cathode Materials for High-Temperature Rechargeable Aluminum Ion Batteries and Hydrogen Evolution in Water Splitting

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