Nonbreeding Social Organization in Migratory and Resident Birds

Matthysen, Erik

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9912-5_3

Cited by 72 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…If the parents had not given their offspring a preferential treatment and been less despotic towards them, it would have made no difference that fathers blocked unrelated immigrants from replacing them. Furthermore, territoriality alone fails to account for the variation in social behaviour between species, as parents can be territorial without the offspring delaying dispersal, as is evident from the large number of all-year territorial Parus species without delayed dispersal (Ekman 1989;Matthysen 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why offspring delay dispersal: experimental evidence for a role of parental tolerance

Ekman

Griesser

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Approximately 3% of all bird species live in families based on a prolonged parent-offspring association. Formation of family groups often appears to be associated with various constraints on the possibilities of independent reproduction for the offspring. However, delayed dispersal is not the only alternative for offspring that defer reproduction. To account for the formation of a family group it is also necessary to explain why non-dispersing offspring forego the alternative options to join other groups as 'extra birds' or to become 'floaters' and roam between territories. We removed fathers from Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus family groups to test the proposal that nepotistic parental tolerance gives the natal territory a special value for the offspring, which they cannot find elsewhere and that makes them stay. In this species, parents are more tolerant of their retained offspring than towards immigrant extra birds. In response to the removal of fathers, retained offspring dispersed, whereas there was no similar response among the unrelated extra birds. Retained offspring, however, left only after despotic immigrant α-males replaced removed fathers, indicating that the presence of fathers is an essential motive for offspring to delay their dispersal. By blocking immigrant and unrelated males from becoming α-males and by being tolerant themselves, fathers provide a 'safe haven' in the natal territory where retained offspring can avail themselves of available resources without any, or only mild, competitive interference.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why offspring delay dispersal: experimental evidence for a role of parental tolerance

Ekman

Griesser

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…The o¡spring disperse promptly in several tit species (Parus spp. ), although access to space is as limited as in cooperative species, which constrains yearling tits to a secondrate option of settling as subordinates in non-kin £ocks (Ekman 1989;Matthysen 1990). Brown (1969) also pointed out that ecological constraints per se are not su¤cient for dispersal to be delayed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased lifetime reproductive success for Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) males with delayed dispersal

Ekman

Bylin

TegelstrÎm

1999

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

116

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In a crowded environment the natal territory could serve as a haven for young and inexperienced o¡spring until a breeding vacancy emerges. Delayed dispersal and association with kin could then o¡er adaptive bene¢ts through an individual ¢tness gain. Here we report that delayed dispersal is associated with a higher lifetime individual ¢tness in Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) males. Sons bred more successfully and had more reproductive events in life when they delayed dispersal. The higher lifetime reproductive success when sons disperse later in life is su¤cient to promote postponement of natal dispersal, suggesting that dispersal is delayed due to ecological constraints on access to high-quality habitats. We argue that the maintenance of this variation in the timing of dispersal and reproductive success can be reconciled with non-genetic mechanisms driving dispersal. Social dominance within broods re£ecting environmental conditions during growth is such a mechanism.

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“…These flocks often contain different species and this social behavior of birds may lead to their increased detectability. For example, many tits, woodpeckers, and nuthatches form multi-species flocks, which occupy small areas throughout the winter (Alatao 1982;Matthysen 1990). Finally, we also performed analysis on calculated number of species to correct for imperfect detection (for the details see, ''Statistical analyses'').…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of management intensity and orchard features on bird communities in winter

Myczko

Rosin

Skórka

et al. 2013

Ecological Research

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The knowledge and conservation of diminishing valuable habitats in agricultural landscapes are of key importance in saving declining farmland biodiversity. One of these habitats is the traditional orchard whose role in supporting birds is still poorly known, especially in winter. We counted birds in 106 orchards differing in management intensity (abandoned, traditional, and intensive) during December 2009 and January 2010 in Wielkopolska, western Poland and measured site characteristics and composition of surrounding landscapes for every orchard. Old abandoned and traditionally managed orchards had significantly higher bird species richness than intensive ones. Irrespective of orchard type, bird species richness as well as density were positively influenced by the cover of unmown herb layer in orchards and tree diversity. Tree and fruit densities positively affected bird species richness and density mainly in abandoned orchards while in other orchard types the effect of these variables was less pronounced. Land cover diversity in a landscape had a positive effect on species richness and density mostly in abandoned orchards and we believe that this effect reflects the elevated utilization of such orchards by birds from the surrounding landscape. Thus, abandoned, as well as traditionally managed orchards seems to be especially important habitats that offer food source and refuge for wintering birds and should be protected. We propose to diversify fruit production by planting various tree species, leaving part of the herb layer unmown and several trees unharvested in intensive orchards in order to improve suitability of modern orchards for birds.

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Nonbreeding Social Organization in Migratory and Resident Birds

Cited by 72 publications

References 187 publications

Why offspring delay dispersal: experimental evidence for a role of parental tolerance

Why offspring delay dispersal: experimental evidence for a role of parental tolerance

Increased lifetime reproductive success for Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) males with delayed dispersal

Effects of management intensity and orchard features on bird communities in winter

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