Nonclonal <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> Population in Melioidosis Case Cluster, Sri Lanka

Jayasinghearachchi, H.S.; Francis, Vaithehi; Sathkumara, Harindra D.; Krishnananthasivam, Shivankari; Masakorala, Jayanthi; Muthugama, Thilini A.; Silva, Aruna Dharshan De; Corea, Enoka

doi:10.3201/eid2711.210219

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…pseudomallei is an important cause of community acquired pneumonia and septicemia in endemic countries. The risk of infection is increased after flooding and a case cluster was PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES reported in eastern Sri Lanka in 2015 following heavy rainfall [24]. Risk groups in Sri Lanka include rice farmers and rural populations engaged in subsistence cultivation in home gardens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Known positive DNA extracted from B . pseudomallei clinical isolates previously confirmed by whole genome sequencing were used as positive controls [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BRYT green qRT-PCR master mixture (Promega, USA) was used in this study. Known positive DNA extracted from B. pseudomallei clinical isolates previously confirmed by whole genome sequencing were used as positive controls [24].…”

Section: Detection Of Variably Present Gene Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeography and genetic diversity of clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Sri Lanka

et al. 2021

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Background Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and the disease is endemic in SoutheastAsia and Northern Australia. It has been confirmed as endemic in Sri Lanka. Genomic epidemiology of B. pseudomallei in Sri Lanka is largely unexplored. This study aims to determine the biogeography and genetic diversity of clinical isolates of B. pseudomallei and the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of Sri Lankan sequence types (STs) to those found in other endemic regions of Southeast Asia and Oceania. Methods The distribution of variably present genetic markers [Burkholderia intracellular motility A (bimA) gene variants bimABP/bimABM, filamentous hemagglutinin 3 (fhaB3), Yersinia-like fimbrial (YLF) and B. thailandensis-like flagellum and chemotaxis (BTFC) gene clusters and lipopolysaccharide O-antigen type A (LPS type A)] was examined among 310 strains. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was done for 84 clinical isolates. The phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of Sri Lankan STs within Sri Lanka and in relation to those found in other endemic regions of Southeast t Asia and Oceania were studied using e BURST, PHYLOViZ and minimum evolutionary analysis. Results The Sri Lankan B. pseudomallei population contained a large proportion of the rare BTFC Clade (14.5%) and bimABM allele variant (18.5%) with differential geographic distribution. Genotypes fhaB3 and LPSA were found in 80% and 86% respectively. This study reported 43 STs (including 22 novel). e-BURST analysis which include all Sri Lankan STs (71) resulted in four groups, with a large clonal group (group 1) having 46 STs, and 17 singletons. ST1137 was the commonest ST. Several STs were shared with India, Bangladesh and Cambodia. Conclusion This study demonstrates the usefulness of high-resolution molecular typing to locate isolates within the broad geographical boundaries of B. pseudomallei at a global level and reveals that Sri Lankan isolates are intermediate between Southeast Asia and Oceania.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Known positive DNA extracted from B . pseudomallei clinical isolates previously confirmed by whole genome sequencing were used as positive controls [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeography and genetic diversity of clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Sri Lanka

et al. 2021

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“…Sequence type (ST) data can be further analyzed using phylogenetic tools such as PHYLOVIZ to elucidate the genetic relatedness of B. pseudomallei from distinct locations ( 10 ). MLST has also been used to identify the source of outbreaks although the restricted number of genes analyzed may limit discrimination as demonstrated by whole genome sequencing (WGS) of identical STs revealing non-clonality in a case cluster ( 11 ). MLST and WGS have been employed to explore the genetic relationship between clinical and environmental isolates of B. pseudomallei in Australia ( 12 , 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015, a cluster of melioidosis cases caused by genetically diverse strains was reported after heavy rainfall in the eastern part of Sri Lanka ( 11 ). A similar cluster followed strong monsoonal winds in 2017 ( 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil and natural water bodies in rural Sri Lanka: A hidden threat to public health

Jayasinghearachchi

Muthugama²,

Masakorala³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of the potentially fatal infection, melioidosis. This study provides the first evidence for the presence of B. pseudomallei in soil and water in Sri Lanka. Targeted sampling of soil and natural water sources was done between November 2019 and October 2020 over eight field visits encompassing the neighborhood of 28 culture and/or antibody-positive melioidosis patients in northwestern, western and southern Sri Lanka. A total of eight environmental isolates of B. pseudomallei (BPs-env1 to BPs-env8) were cultured from 116 soil and 117 natural water samples collected from 72 locations. The presence of B. pseudomallei in soil and natural water in these areas poses a risk of melioidosis for populations cultivating crops in such soils and using untreated water from these sources for drinking, bathing, and other domestic purposes. Identifying sites positive for B. pseudomallei may help to mitigate risk by raising public awareness of contaminated environmental sources and allowing soil and water remediation.

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Bugs in floods

Blaskovich,

Harris

2023

Microbiol. Aust.

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Floods are natural disasters that affect millions of people every year, with escalating impact due to a combination of factors that include increasing urbanisation of previously uninhabited land, deforestation, and climate change. Floods do not discriminate between lower–middle income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries, though the types of damage can differ. As a ‘fire or flood’ country, Australia is no exception. Apart from the obvious physical damage to infrastructure and direct impact on human health due to injury and drowning, there is a more insidious danger lurking in floodwaters – a range of microbial pathogens that can opportunistically cause additional morbidity and mortality. These health effects can be both acute, and longer term. This review focuses on bacterial infections that can be attributed to floods, divided into sections that summarise opportunistic infections by commonly seen human pathogens, versus infections caused by more unusual microbes that are normally not encountered until they are released by floods.

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Nonclonal Burkholderia pseudomallei Population in Melioidosis Case Cluster, Sri Lanka

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Biogeography and genetic diversity of clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Sri Lanka

Biogeography and genetic diversity of clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Sri Lanka

Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil and natural water bodies in rural Sri Lanka: A hidden threat to public health

Bugs in floods

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