Abstract. Noncommutative analogues of n-dimensional balls are defined by repeated application of the quantum double suspension to the classical low-dimensional spaces. In the 'even-dimensional' case they correspond to the Twisted Canonical Commutation Relations of Pusz and Woronowicz. Then quantum spheres are constructed as double manifolds of noncommutative balls. Both C * -algebras and polynomial algebras of the objects in question are defined and analyzed, and their relations with previously known examples are presented. Our construction generalizes that of Hajac, Matthes and Szymański for 'dimension 2', and leads to a new class of quantum spheres (already on the C * -algebra level) in all 'even-dimensions'.
IntroductionJust as classical spheres appear in variety of contexts, their quantum analogues may be studied from many a different perspective. One of the most common strategies is to view them as homogeneous spaces of compact quantum groups [22,9,30,14]. In addition to quantum symmetry considerations, homological approach in the spirit of Connes noncommutative geometry has recently become prominent. Indeed, examples of quantum spheres have been constructed via Chern character techniques [6]. We refer the reader to [7] for an overview of various constructions of quantum spheres.Other noncommutative analogues of classical topological methods have also been used in the study of quantum manifolds, and quantum spheres in particular. Among them, noncommutative analogues of the classical suspension were used explicitly or implicitly by several authors. Quantum double suspension was applied systematically in [15,3], and noncommutative Heegaard splitting was used in [21,4,12,2].The main purpose of the present article is to relate quantum spheres to noncommutative balls, and to examine them from two other natural topological perspectives. Firstly, we realize quantum spheres as boundaries of noncommutative balls. Secondly, we construct quantum spheres by gluing as 'double manifolds' of noncommutative balls. Even though the latter technique goes back to [28], only recently has it been used to produce new examples of 'two-dimensional' mirror quantum spheres [13], and we generalize this approach to 'higher dimensions'.In Section 2, working with arbitrary unital C * -algebras and their generators, we show how to perform the quantum double suspension operation not only on the C * -algebra level as in [15] but also on the level of a dense * -subalgebra (of polynomial functions). In Sections 3 and 4, we use this procedure to construct noncommutative balls in all 'dimensions' via repeated application of the quantum double suspension to a point ('even dimensions') and to a closed interval ('odd dimensions'). In Theorems 3.1 and 4.2, we