Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene

Graphene-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Overcoming Cancer Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review

“…Thiolated DNA was shown to bind noncovalently to both graphene and GO surfaces. 279 , 280 It is also possible to create a 3D hydrogel through a self-assembly process of GO/DNA material. 279 , 281 Xu et al fabricated GO/DNA hydrogel by mixing equal volumes of the GO aqueous solution and the aqueous solution of double-stranded DNA followed by heating at 90 °C for 5 min.…”

“… 279 , 280 It is also possible to create a 3D hydrogel through a self-assembly process of GO/DNA material. 279 , 281 Xu et al fabricated GO/DNA hydrogel by mixing equal volumes of the GO aqueous solution and the aqueous solution of double-stranded DNA followed by heating at 90 °C for 5 min. 281 However, EDC/NHS chemistry is the most common method of attaching antibodies and ssDNA onto graphene and its derivatives.…”

“…This hybrid material was characterized with pH-dependent water solubility and was an efficient platform for further Au nanoparticles self-assembly. 279 , 283 …”

“…This hybrid material was characterized with pH-dependent water solubility and was an efficient platform for further Au nanoparticles self-assembly. 279,283 Covalent bonds are much stronger than noncovalent and can be achieved through various chemical reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, diazonium chemistry, cycloaddition reactions, cross-linking, and doping. This can enhance properties like solubility, stability, and reactivity, making graphene more versatile for further applications.…”