Noncytopathic Strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Prime Bovine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages for Enhanced Generation of Nitric Oxide

Adler, Heiko; Frech, Barbara; Meier, Pascal; Jungi, Thomas W.; Peterhans, Ernst

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2109

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The presence of a persistent infection affected the cellular enzymes, indeed, NAGase and lysozyme showed a large statistically significant decrease in PI animals. Also, respiratory burst mean values were significantly lower in PI animals when compared with controls, as reported in a previous in vitro study (Adler et al., 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of Blood Non‐Specific Immune Parameters in Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Persistently Infected and in Immune Heifers

Piccinini

Luzzago

Frigerio

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Several data from different authors show that Bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) could be a key component in multiple-etiology diseases, indeed a lower leukocytes number and their impaired functions decrease the resistance to infections. However, most of the information on the impairment of immune function during BVDV infections arise from circumstantial evidence and from experimental infection studies, and few from field data. To assess the effects of BVDV on blood cells parameters, cellular and humoral functions under field conditions, we designed a controlled study in commercial dairy herds, comparing persistent infected (PI) and healthy heifers. A total of 45 heifers were considered, the PI animals were nine, the control animals were 34, while two controls were considered as acute infected animals. The comparison of the mean values in PI calves showed a significant decrease for leukocytes and granulocytes, while platelets showed a significant increase, when compared with control animals. The total number of lymphocytes decreased not significantly in PI animals, while the proportion significantly increased. The number and proportion of monocytes was significantly reduced in PI animals, when compared with controls. The data collected on markers of cellular immunity during our study cannot be compared with the literature because there are no reference values. The presence of a persistent infection affected the cellular enzymes: NAGase, lysozyme and respiratory burst showed a large statistically significant decrease in PI animals when compared with controls. The presence of a persistent infection with BVD virus influenced blood cells number and impaired some blood cell functions. Such impairment confirms that PI animals represent a threat to the herd not only because they could spread BVDV, but also because they are more susceptible to other infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of Blood Non‐Specific Immune Parameters in Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Persistently Infected and in Immune Heifers

Piccinini

Luzzago

Frigerio

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, in some instances, NO,, production may not be induced, but the cells may be primed for enhanced NO. synthesis in response to secondary stimuli, as was observed with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (61) and bovine viral diarrhea viruses (62). This effect may be related to the immunosuppression observed during infection in vivo.…”

Section: Oxygen Radicals In Viral Diseasementioning

confidence: 70%

Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in viral diseases

Peterhans

1997

Biol Trace Elem Res

118

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Metabolites derived from superoxide (02"-) and nitric oxide (NO.) play an important role in antimicrobial and antitumoral defense, but may also harm the host. Low levels of such metabolites can also facilitate viral replication because of their mitogenic effects on cells. Most viruses grow better in proliferating cells, and indeed, many viruses induce in their host cell changes similar to those seen early after treatment with mitogenic lectins. Influenza and paramyxoviruses activate in phagocytes the generation of superoxide by a mechanism involving the interaction between the viral surface glycoproteins and the phagocyte's plasma membrane. Interestingly, viruses that activate this host defense mechanism are toxic when injected in the bloodstream of animals. Mice infected with influenza virus undergo oxidative stress. In addition, a wide array of cytokines are formed in the lung, contributing to the systemic effects of influenza. Oxidative stress is seen also in chronic viral infections, such as AIDS and viral hepatitis. Oxidant production in viral hepatitis may contribute to the emergence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a tumor seen in patients after years of chronic inflammation of the liver. Antioxidants and agents that downregulate proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators may be a useful complement to specific antiviral drugs in the therapy of viral diseases.

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“…After adsorption of the virus, the inoculum was removed by washing the cells in culture medium without FCS prior to the addition of complete medium with 2% FCS. Using an MOI of 1 or higher, expression of NS3/NS23 viral proteins was detectable at 6 h postinfection as analyzed by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry using an anti-NS3/NS23 antibody (3), and all cells expressed NS3/NS23 around 12 to 18 h postinfection. Using an MOI of 0.01, all cells expressed NS3/NS23 at 24 h postinfection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Self” and “Nonself” Manipulation of Interferon Defense during Persistent Infection: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Resists Alpha/Beta Interferon without Blocking Antiviral Activity against Unrelated Viruses Replicating in Its Host Cells

Schweizer

Mätzener

Pfaffen

et al. 2006

J Virol

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Noncytopathic Strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Prime Bovine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages for Enhanced Generation of Nitric Oxide

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Blood Non‐Specific Immune Parameters in Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Persistently Infected and in Immune Heifers

Comparison of Blood Non‐Specific Immune Parameters in Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Persistently Infected and in Immune Heifers

Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in viral diseases

“Self” and “Nonself” Manipulation of Interferon Defense during Persistent Infection: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Resists Alpha/Beta Interferon without Blocking Antiviral Activity against Unrelated Viruses Replicating in Its Host Cells

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