Nondestructive evaluation of explosively welded clad rods by resonance acoustic spectroscopy

Fan, Ying; Tysoe, B.; Sim, Janet; Mirkhani, Koorosh; Sinclair, A. N.; Honarvar, Farhang; Sildva, Harry; Szecket, A.; Hardwick, R.

doi:10.1016/s0041-624x(03)00108-2

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Sound field reconstruction using microphone arrays has emerged as a useful tool for noise source identification by visualizing sound fields radiated by noise sources. [1][2][3] Microphone array techniques fall into two categories: Near-field acoustical holography (NAH) 4,5 and far-field beamforming. 6,7 Planar Fourier NAH was introduced in the 1980s by Williams and Maynard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal two-layer directive microphone array with application in near-field acoustical holography

Bai

Wang

Juan

2012

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Conventional near-field acoustical holography (NAH) is generally based on the free-field assumption, which can cause errors when interfering sources are present in practical environments. To cope with this problem, previous research suggested a combined pressure-velocity approach for NAH that provides certain advantages to rejection of interferences. This paper revisits this idea in a broader context of optimal array design and examines the feasibility of using unidirectional microphones in each channel of the array such that the robustness of inverse reconstruction is enhanced against interfering sources. As indicated in the simulation, the numerical noise in finite difference estimation of particle velocity can nullify the advantage of the well-conditioned velocity-based reconstruction. In the proposed approach, the characteristics of each array channel consisting of two microphones are tailored by taking into account not only the directivity, but also the robustness against self-noise. An objective function based on directivity index and white noise gain is exploited in a linear quadratic optimization of a two-element end-fire array. The proposed optimal array is validated in conjunction with the equivalent source model (ESM) -based NAH through numerical simulations, with an interfering source positioned behind the array. The results have shown the directive optimal array has yielded improved quality of images in comparison with conventional approaches in the presence of an interfering source and sensor noise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal two-layer directive microphone array with application in near-field acoustical holography

Bai

Wang

Juan

2012

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Furthermore, the process is capable of joining with high surface areas due to its ability to distribute the high energy density through explosion (Crossland, 1971(Crossland, , 1976Vonne et al, 1984;Brasher et al, 1995). Up to now, low carbon steel Ghanadzadeh et al, 2003), steel and aluminium (Han et al, 2003;Balasubrahmanian et al, 1997;Acarer et al, 2008;Du et al, 2007), steel and titanium (Ege et al, 1998;Mousavi et al, 2008Mousavi et al, , 2009, nickel film and aluminium alloys (Gerland et al, 2000), duplex stainless steel and low carbon steel (Kacar et al, 2003), iron and copper (Livne et al, 1987;Durgutlu et al, 2005;, titanium and austenitic stainless steel (Mudali et al, 2003), aluminium, copper and magnesium (Fan et al, 2003;Watanabe et al, 2009;Gulenc, 2008;Ghaderi et al, 2008) were cladded successfully. Explosive welding is also useful for producing a thin surface sheet with a minimal reduction in ductility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and microhardness of explosive welding

Fındık¹,

Yilmaz²,

Somyurek³

2011

Sci. Res. Essays

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An AISI 304 type of austenitic stainless steel and low carbon steel were cladded by explosive welding in this study. Four explosive loading rates were used with the range of 1 and 2.0. Stand-of distance (s=t) was also used as a welding parameter. Cladded materials have been subjected to heat treatment at 250°C for times of ranging from 1 to 4 h. Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties has been evaluated using optical and scanning electron microscopy, EDS analysis technique and hardness tests, respectively. The results indicate that straight and wavy structures of bonding at the interface were obtained according to the loading of explosive rate. The grain size of the cladded materials near the interface were increased with the duration of heat treatment. Hardness values at the interface of the cladded materials were decreased with the increment of heat treatment period.

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“…Joo et al [22] extended the concept of the inherent background [23] to multilayered elastic cylindrical structures by solving the problem of acoustic wave scattering by an analogous liquid structure. Fan et al [24] assessed a resonance acoustic spectroscopy technique for nondestructive evaluation of explosively welded copper-clad aluminum rods. Each rod is modeled as a two-layered cylinder with a spring-mass system to represent a thin interfacial layer containing the weld.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Energy Transfer and Stress Concentrations in a Single-Fiber Composite with Absorbing Interface Layer

Hasheminejad

Miri

2008

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Elastic wave scattering from coated and layered cylindrical scatterers encased in an elastic matrix is reviewed. Interaction of time harmonic monochromatic longitudinal and shear ultrasonic waves with a single fiber coated by homogeneous dissipative (polymeric) materials and embedded in an unbounded elastic matrix is studied using the classical method of eigenfunction expansion. The novel features of Havriliak-Negami model is employed to include the effect of hysteresis-type of compressional and shear waves' absorption in the interphase material by introduction of proper frequency-dependent complex moduli. The pertinent integrals for the time-averaged total fiber energy induced by the elastic waves refracted along the fiber are derived and numerically evaluated. The numerical results reveal the important effects of the absorptive fiber-matrix bond as well as interphase thickness on fiber/matrix energy transfer and dynamic stress concentrations. The calculated results may be interpreted in the context of phenomena observed in acousto-ultrasonic (AU) experiments on fiber reinforced composite materials by correlating certain parameters in the frequency spectrum of the detected waveform to mechanical characteristics of the dissipative interface layer. Limiting cases are considered and good agreements with well-known solutions are established.

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Nondestructive evaluation of explosively welded clad rods by resonance acoustic spectroscopy

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Optimal two-layer directive microphone array with application in near-field acoustical holography

Optimal two-layer directive microphone array with application in near-field acoustical holography

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and microhardness of explosive welding

Ultrasonic Energy Transfer and Stress Concentrations in a Single-Fiber Composite with Absorbing Interface Layer

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