Nondestructive evaluation of steels using acoustic and magnetic barkhausen signals—I. Effect of carbide precipitation and hardness

Modeling of the Barkhausen jump in low carbon steel

“…Thus, it is also reasonable to consider that the jump area is proportional to the wall mean free path, which is also in perfect agreement with previous results. 2,12 Equation ͑10͒ represents the MBN signal produced by a single domain wall jumping from one pinning site to another. However, the jumps of the total MBN signal are produced by several single jumps ͑domain wall avalanches 16 ͒.…”

“…The MBN has been found to be sensitive to the microstructure [1][2][3] and to the applied tensile stress [4][5][6] in ferromagnetic materials. For this reason, the MBN is now being widely used as a nondestructive technique for the characterization of these materials.…”

“…2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The most detailed quantitative predictions come from the models proposed by Alessandro et al ͑ABBM͒ 6 and by Zapperi et al ͑CZDE͒. 7 These models are very successful in the prediction of the MBN power spectrum and jump height distribution density, the main disadvantage of these models being that they do not include the effects of material microstructure features such as grain size, carbon content, etc., even if their equations, in particular those of the ABBM model, have been modified to include microstructure parameters.…”

Roadmap for Nondestructive Evaluation of Reactor Pressure Vessel Research and Development by the Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program

“…This is generally due to the effect of multiple factors on the response. A number of factors (in addition to precipitate volume fraction) affect the Barkhausen response, including initial microstructure (prior to embrittlement), grain size, grain-boundary segregation, precipitate size, and stress relaxation, and numerous models have been developed to predict Barkhausen response to these factors [79][80][81]. Additional uncertainty is introduced by the fact that damage accumulation and crack initiation is a stochastic process [82].…”

Effect of Different Stages of Tensile Deformation on Magnetic Barkhausen Emission in High Strength Low Alloy Steel

“…Micromagnetic techniques have been considered as a potential non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method for microstructural characterization and stress/strain measurements in ferritic steels [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The effect of tensile deformation on micromagnetic parameters has been studied by many researchers [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”