“…Another widely utilized sensor is the ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which has been the focus of a number of recent studies related to the infrastructure evaluation and SHM of civil infrastructures and bridges [8,37,47,[135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146]. Within civil engineering, GPR has been utilized for diverse applications, which include, but are not limited to, detecting and measuring pipes, mines, other underground utilities, the health monitoring of bridges, railway tracks, tunnels, roads and pavements, as well as for the detection and localization of underground rebar [8,37,47,[136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148]. The B-scan data from GPR sensors provide a visual transformation of the radar waves reflected from different parts of the underground infrastructure (e.g., concrete, steel rebars, void spaces), which can be used to highlight the corrosion, delamination, presence of void spaces and structural damage to rebars [37,135,137,138].…”