Nondestructive measurement of the coating thickness for simulated TRISO-coated fuel particles by using phase contrast X-ray radiography

Kim, Woong Ki; Lee, Young Woo; Cho, Moon Sung; Park, Ji Yeon; Woong, Sung; Park, Jung Byung

doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.07.009

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A PCI X-ray image of a 0.92 mm fuel particle (left). The Sobel operator applied to the original image in order to identify boundaries between each coating layer (right) [Kim et al (2008)]. be seen on the figure, the resolution seen here is around 40 mm, many orders of magnitude smaller than most other images discussed in this review.…”

Section: Validation Of New Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Measurement of the coatings of TRISO (LEU) particles has been carried out successfully with X-ray radiography [Kim et al (2006[Kim et al ( , 2008; Yang et al (2013b)]. However, Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) was used as opposed to ordinary X-ray radiography, as conventional X-ray radiography cannot discern between materials of similar thickness and densities.…”

Section: Internal and External Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of ionising radiation to image nuclear fuel: A review

Parker

Joyce

2015

Progress in Nuclear Energy

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a b s t r a c tImaging of nuclear fuel using radiation has been carried out for decades for a variety of reasons. Two important reasons are Physical Invertory Verification (PIV) and Quality Assurance (QA). The work covered in this review focuses on the imaging of nuclear fuel using ionising radiation. The fuels investigated are both fresh and spent, composed of assorted materials, and in various physical forms. The radiations used to characterise the nuclear fuel include g, a, b, muons, neutrons and X-rays. The research covered in this review, spans the past four decades and show how the technology has developed over that time. The advancement of computing technology has greatly helped with the progression of the images that are produced. The field began with 2D images in black and white showing the density profiles of g rays from within an object, culminating in 2013 when a pebble bed fuel element was reproduced in 3D showing each 0.5 mm UO 2 globule within it. With the ever increasing computing technology available to the industry, this can only mean an increase in the rate of development of imaging technologies like those covered in this review.

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Section: Validation Of New Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Internal and External Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of ionising radiation to image nuclear fuel: A review

Parker

Joyce

2015

Progress in Nuclear Energy

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“…The use of phase contrast [5] combined with high resolution instruments can be used to clearly define the TRISO layer boundaries, while the use of appropriate filters [6,11] such as those used in this study can be used to amplify this effect to simplify the data post processing.…”

Section: Quantifying Layer Thicknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a number of researchers [5,6] have developed laboratory based X-ray CT and radiography techniques for characterising the TRISO layer structure. Until recently these techniques have been hampered by significantly inferior spatial resolution, limiting the accuracy of the layer profiles that can be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural analysis of TRISO particles using multi-scale X-ray computed tomography

Lowe

Bradley

Sheng

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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TRISO particles, a composite nuclear fuel built up by ceramic and graphitic layers, have outstanding high temperature resistance. TRISO fuel is the key technology for High Temperature Reactors (HTRs) and the Generation IV Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) variant. TRISO offers unparalleled containment of fission products and is extremely robust during accident conditions. An understanding of the thermal performance and mechanical properties of TRISO fuel requires a detailed knowledge of pore sizes, their distribution and interconnectivity. Here 50 nm, nano-, and 1 μm resolution, micro-computed tomography (CT), have been used to quantify non-destructively porosity of a surrogate TRISO particle at the 0.3–10 μm and 3–100 μm scales respectively. This indicates that pore distributions can reliably be measured down to a size approximately 3 times the pixel size which is consistent with the segmentation process. Direct comparison with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) sections indicates that destructive sectioning can introduce significant levels of coarse damage, especially in the pyrolytic carbon layers. Further comparative work is required to identify means of minimizing such damage for SEM studies. Finally since it is non-destructive, multi-scale time-lapse X-ray CT opens the possibility of intermittently tracking the degradation of TRISO structure under thermal cycles or radiation conditions in order to validate models of degradation such as kernel movement. X-ray CT in-situ experimentation of TRISO particles under load and temperature could also be used to understand the internal changes that occur in the particles under accident conditions

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“…Woong Ki Kim et al first applied PCI to visualize the structure of each coating layer, then the Sobel operator and a 3 × 3 average filter were used to extract interfaces between coating layers. While processing radius information, they relied mainly on a manual method based on human visual intelligence . Min Yang et al adopted in‐line PCI to carry out the microstructural inspection of TRISO fuel particles, followed by an improved nonlocal means denoising algorithm and a subpixel‐accuracy edge–tracing method involving the traditional Canny operator and the moment match–tracing algorithm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to inspect coating thickness of tristructural isotropic fuel particles

et al. 2019

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Summary X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging (PCI) is a nondestructive method to measure the coating thickness of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles, with the advantages of generating sharp interfaces between two coating layers. However, the analysis of PCI images is hindered by noise and subject to operator‐dependence. The aim of this study was to develop a measurement method that can exclude frustrating noise corruption and achieve computerized automation. The total variation (TV) algorithm was applied to reduce the unnecessary information, and the denoising results were optimized with the introduction of contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). Contours of denoised images were automatically extracted using an adaptive Canny operator, employing the P‐tile method. Thickness data, derived using the proposed method, were compared with those of ceramography, and the results were confirmed by performing the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. This measuring method allowed the denoising process to restore images with appropriate edge features and detect edges with more sharpness and continuity in minimal time. When evaluated against ceramography, there was a minor discrepancy (less than 10%) in all coating layers. The one‐way ANOVA analysis exhibited the rejection of the significant differences in the thicknesses measured by the two aforementioned methods. The proposed method seems promising for practical application of such nondestructive measurements.

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Nondestructive measurement of the coating thickness for simulated TRISO-coated fuel particles by using phase contrast X-ray radiography

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

The use of ionising radiation to image nuclear fuel: A review

The use of ionising radiation to image nuclear fuel: A review

Microstructural analysis of TRISO particles using multi-scale X-ray computed tomography

A novel method to inspect coating thickness of tristructural isotropic fuel particles

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