Nondestructive, Microwave Testing of Compression Strength and Moisture Content of Green Molding Sands

Gal, Beata; Nowak, D.

doi:10.1007/s10921-021-00819-0

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…To reduce heat energy loss, the practical usage of eucalyptus requires the lowest moisture content. Based on these challenges, this study reviewed the antennas that can transmit and receive signals by electromagnetic waves through eucalyptus trunks that have been cut off [13][14][15][16][17][18] and to subsequently increase the efficiency of the receiving-transmitter power with EBG. The following literature on the structure of rectangular and cylindrical waveguide antennas used with the EBG was reviewed: Several studies have explored the structure of waveguide antennas of various shapes which employed EBG [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adjusted Waveguide Antenna with A Woodpile-Shaped EBG for Eucalyptus Wood Moisture Content Measurement

Naktong,

Puangnak,

Phanthuna

et al. 2024

Trends Sci

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A rectangular waveguide antenna was tested for eucalyptus wood moisture content (MC) measurement before being used. To improve the moisture content measurement of the rectangular waveguide antenna, a woodpile-shaped Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) was installed by Transverse Electric (TE) arrangement. This antenna is responsible for receiving and transmitting signals which are converted from electrical energy into radio frequency energy transmitted through the air. In this research, we take advantage of the wave propagation of antennas in the air and use them to propagate waves through wood materials. To compare signal transmission power to determine moisture content in wood and the benefit of the EBG is that it acts like a convex lens to increase the strength of the waves so that they can penetrate the wood more efficiently. The results showed that woodpile-shaped EBG could increase the efficiency of receiving and transmitting signals, reduce working hours for farmers and reduce costs by about 90 %. When this antenna was tested and actually used, it was found that the frequency band that responded best to the moisture content value was 2.20 GHz. This antenna was built with an aluminum material of size 9×4×15 cm3 and 2×6 units woodpile EBG on a 9.54×4 cm2 Polyester Mylar base plate. There was a gain of 7.81 dBi from the original structure, or by 20 %. At a radius of 4 cm, the values of moisture content ranged from –9.46 to –42.19 dBm. At a radius of 6 cm, the values were –9.41 to –42.89 dBm. At a radius of 8 cm, the values ranged from –9.39 to –43.01 dBm, respectively. All 3 values were found to be efficient. The size was not less than 84 % compared to the general standard meter. HIGHLIGHTS A rectangular waveguide antenna was tested for eucalyptus wood moisture content (MC) measurement before being used. To improve the moisture content measurement of the rectangular waveguide antenna, a woodpile-shaped Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) was installed by Transverse Electric (TE) arrangement. This antenna is responsible for receiving and transmitting signals which are converted from electrical energy into radio frequency energy transmitted through the air. In this research, we take advantage of the wave propagation of antennas in the air and use them to propagate waves through wood materials. To compare signal transmission power to determine moisture content in wood and the benefit of the EBG is that it acts like a convex lens to increase the strength of the waves so that they can penetrate the wood more efficiently. The results showed that woodpile-shaped EBG could increase the efficiency of receiving and transmitting signals, reduce working hours for farmers and reduce costs by about 90 %. When this antenna was tested and actually used, it was found that the frequency band that responded best to the moisture content value was 2.20 GHz. This antenna was built with an aluminum material of size 9×4×15 cm3 and 2×6 units woodpile EBG on a 9.54×4 cm2 Polyester Mylar base plate. There was a gain of 7.81 dBi from the original structure, or by 20 %. At a radius of 4 cm, the values of moisture content ranged from –9.46 to –42.19 dBm. At a radius of 6 cm, the values were –9.41 to –42.89 dBm. At a radius of 8 cm, the values ranged from –9.39 to –43.01 dBm, respectively. All 3 values were found to be efficient. The size was not less than 84 % compared to the general standard meter. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adjusted Waveguide Antenna with A Woodpile-Shaped EBG for Eucalyptus Wood Moisture Content Measurement

Naktong,

Puangnak,

Phanthuna

et al. 2024

Trends Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…crack detection including coaxial probes, open-ended waveguides, and time-reversal techniques. Extensive published works have focused on crack detection, crack sizing, and crack imaging [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Although these technologies are easy to implement, they all require accurate measuring of signal properties including frequency, amplitude, and phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplistic, Efficient, and Low-Cost Crack Detection of Dielectric Materials Based on Millimeter-Wave Interference

Chen

Yin

et al. 2022

Electronics

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This paper proposes a simplistic, efficient, and low-cost method of millimeter-wave nondestructive testing (NDT) of dielectric material cracks based on millimeter-wave interference. A relationship between combining efficiency, phase difference, and amplitude difference was analyzed. We found that phase difference was the main factor that affects combining efficiency. A change in combining efficiency of more than 1% was caused by a phase-difference altering of greater than 1.2° in a specific range. A relevant model was simulated with CST, and the operating frequency and antenna spacing were optimized to enhance sensitivity of the measuring system. Then, a Ka-band NDT system was built to test the combining efficiencies of different cracks. The experimental results showed that for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plates with a thickness of 5 mm, cracks with a width of about 0.4 mm, which is about 0.07 λg, could be detected at 35 GHz. Experimental results, simulation results, and theoretical derivation are basically consistent. Large-scale online applications of this NDT method in various industries appear feasible due to the above characteristics.

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Feasibility of measuring moisture content of green sand by a low frequency multiprobe detector based on dielectric characteristics

et al. 2023

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Nondestructive, Microwave Testing of Compression Strength and Moisture Content of Green Molding Sands

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

An Adjusted Waveguide Antenna with A Woodpile-Shaped EBG for Eucalyptus Wood Moisture Content Measurement

An Adjusted Waveguide Antenna with A Woodpile-Shaped EBG for Eucalyptus Wood Moisture Content Measurement

Simplistic, Efficient, and Low-Cost Crack Detection of Dielectric Materials Based on Millimeter-Wave Interference

Feasibility of measuring moisture content of green sand by a low frequency multiprobe detector based on dielectric characteristics

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