Nonenzymatic α-Linolenic Acid Derivatives from the Sea: Macroalgae as Novel Sources of Phytoprostanes

Abstract

Phytoprostanes, autoxidation products of α-linolenic acid, have been studied in several plant species, but information regarding the natural occurrence of this large family of biologically active oxidized lipids in macroalgae is still scarce. In this work, the free phytoprostane composition of 24 macroalgae species belonging to Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta was determined through a recently validated UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method. The phytoprostane profiles varied greatly among all samples, F1t-phytoprostanes and L1-phytoprostanes being the predominant and minor classes, respectively. No correlation between the amounts of α-linolenic acid in alga material and phytoprostane content was found. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the observed variability could be species-specific or result from interspecific interactions. This study provides new insight about the occurrence of phytoprostanes in macroalgae and opens doors for future exploitation of these marine photosynthetic organisms as sources of potentially bioactive oxylipins, encouraging their incorporation in food products and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical preparations for human health.

Comparative study of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones in terms of their phytoprostanes and phytofurans contents

“…Moreover, the greatest proportion of the PhytoPs profile of the samples was represented by the series F 1t -, while the series B 1 -, L 1 -, and D 1t -were detected at lower levels, corresponding to ranges of 209.46 to 1558.44, 3.04 to 46.35, 2.11 to 26.34, and 1.82 to 21.79 ng g −1 , respectively. These results are consistent with those reported previously for Passiflora edulis Sims shell, macroalgae, and red wine (Barbosa et al, 2015;Marhuenda et al, 2015;Medina et al, 2017). In relation to PhytoFs, there are few studies of these compounds.…”

Valorization Strategy of Banana Passion Fruit Shell Wastes: An Innovative Source of Phytoprostanes and Phenolic Compounds and Their Potential Use in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Industries

“…In this work, we detected the 9 series of the F 1 -, D 1 -and L 1 -class and 16 series of B 1 -and F 1 -class that oscillated from 0.23 to 1978.60 µg/ 100 g DW, being the 9 series of F 1 -PhytoP the dominant class of PhytoPs and the 9 series of the D 1 -PhytoP class the minor amount (Table 1). These results are in accordance with those quantified in other vegetables matrices like macroalgae samples [23] or red wine/must [19] or gulupa shell [27] that were carried out using UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The F 1 -PhytoP class occurred predominantly esterified in plant lipids where plant membranes are the storage place of this class of PhytoPs representing the first line of the plant defense.…”

“…The F 1 -PhytoP class occurred predominantly esterified in plant lipids where plant membranes are the storage place of this class of PhytoPs representing the first line of the plant defense. In the current study, the total PhytoPs content in banana passion fruit shell samples (2318.63 ± 71.51 µg/ 100 g DW) was in the range higher than dry macroalgae species (from 0.0056 to 1.38 µg/ 100 g DW) [23] or in almonds samples of different cultivars (from 4.0 to 23.8 µg/ 100 g DW) [15] or in gulupa shell (from 0.13 to 6.76 µg/ 100 g DW) [27]. This fact is very important due to these wastes from banana passion fruit represented a valuable source of PhytoPs -with higher content than other matrices studiedand it could have a number of repercussions, especially for the future applications of these wastes in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries because their high content in these compounds with multiple biological activities [8,9].…”

“…Concisely, 1 g of curuba shells were ground with 15 mL MeOH with 0.1% BHA and they were vortexed during 5 minutes at 2000 g. The supernatants were filtered by Sep.pack® cartridges (100 mg, 3 mL) and were employed for the SPE of PhytoPs following the protocols described in several reports [16,19,23]. Each banana passion fruit shell sample was analyzed in triplicate using a UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) as previously described [16].…”

Non enzymatic metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids: friend or foe

“…Barbosa et al (2015) studied the free PhytoP composition of 24 macroalgae species belonging to Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta using an UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method (Barbosa et al, 2015). The PhytoP profiles varied greatly among all samples, F 1t -PhytoP and L 1 -PhytoP being the predominant and minor classes, respectively.…”