Nonenzymic formation of toxic levels of methylglyoxal from glycerol and dihydroxyacetone in Ringer's phosphate suspensions of avian spermatozoa

Riddle, V. M.; Lorenz, F. W.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(73)91058-9

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, similar results were also obtained under anaerobic growth conditions in DHA-mineral salts medium. It is known that DHA can interact with medium components such as phosphate and generate methylglyoxal, a highly reactive growth inhibitor (17,18). Lowering the phosphate concentration to 1 mM (19) (111 mM).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation of dihydroxyacetone by engineered Escherichia coli and Klebsiella variicola to products

Wang

Chauliac

Rhee

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Methane can be converted to triose dihydroxyacetone (DHA) by chemical processes with formaldehyde as an intermediate. Carbon dioxide, a by-product of various industries including ethanol/butanol biorefineries, can also be converted to formaldehyde and then to DHA. DHA, upon entry into a cell and phosphorylation to DHA-3-phosphate, enters the glycolytic pathway and can be fermented to any one of several products. However, DHA is inhibitory to microbes due to its chemical interaction with cellular components. Fermentation of DHA to d-lactate by strain TG113 was inefficient, and growth was inhibited by 30 g⋅L DHA. An ATP-dependent DHA kinase from (pDC117d) permitted growth of strain TG113 in a medium with 30 g⋅L DHA, and in a fed-batch fermentation the d-lactate titer of TG113(pDC117d) was 580 ± 21 mM at a yield of 0.92 g⋅g DHA fermented. strain LW225, with a higher glucose flux than, produced 811 ± 26 mM d-lactic acid at an average volumetric productivity of 2.0 g⋅L⋅h Fermentation of DHA required a balance between transport of the triose and utilization by the microorganism. Using other engineered strains, we also fermented DHA to succinic acid and ethanol, demonstrating the potential of converting CH and CO to value-added chemicals and fuels by a combination of chemical/biological processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation of dihydroxyacetone by engineered Escherichia coli and Klebsiella variicola to products

Wang

Chauliac

Rhee

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The labeled lactate was again characterized by the M+3 isotopolog although enzymes for the direct biosynthesis via pyruvate are not annotated in C. burnetii . However, it can be assumed that this labeling appears due to detoxification reactions via methylglyoxal, which can be formed non-enzymatically from intermediates of glycolytic and gluconeogenetic reactions (Riddle and Lorenz, 1973; Omsland and Heinzen, 2011) (Figure S2). Furthermore, C. burnetii features a methylglyoxal synthase (CBU0853), which could catalyze the formation of methylglyoxal from dihydroxyacetone phosphate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Substrate Usage of Coxiella burnetii to Feed a Bipartite Metabolic Network

Häuslein

Cantet

Reschke

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The human pathogen Coxiella burnetii causes Q-fever and is classified as a category B bio-weapon. Exploiting the development of the axenic growth medium ACCM-2, we have now used 13C-labeling experiments and isotopolog profiling to investigate the highly diverse metabolic network of C. burnetii. To this aim, C. burnetii RSA 439 NMII was cultured in ACCM-2 containing 5 mM of either [U-13C3]serine, [U-13C6]glucose, or [U-13C3]glycerol until the late-logarithmic phase. GC/MS-based isotopolog profiling of protein-derived amino acids, methanol-soluble polar metabolites, fatty acids, and cell wall components (e.g., diaminopimelate and sugars) from the labeled bacteria revealed differential incorporation rates and isotopolog profiles. These data served to decipher the diverse usages of the labeled substrates and the relative carbon fluxes into the core metabolism of the pathogen. Whereas, de novo biosynthesis from any of these substrates could not be found for histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline and valine, the other amino acids and metabolites under study acquired 13C-label at specific rates depending on the nature of the tracer compound. Glucose was directly used for cell wall biosynthesis, but was also converted into pyruvate (and its downstream metabolites) through the glycolytic pathway or into erythrose 4-phosphate (e.g., for the biosynthesis of tyrosine) via the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Glycerol efficiently served as a gluconeogenetic substrate and could also be used via phosphoenolpyruvate and diaminopimelate as a major carbon source for cell wall biosynthesis. In contrast, exogenous serine was mainly utilized in downstream metabolic processes, e.g., via acetyl-CoA in a complete citrate cycle with fluxes in the oxidative direction and as a carbon feed for fatty acid biosynthesis. In summary, the data reflect multiple and differential substrate usages by C. burnetii in a bipartite-type metabolic network, resembling the overall topology of the related pathogen Legionella pneumophila. These strategies could benefit the metabolic capacities of the pathogens also as a trait to adapt for replication under intracellular conditions.

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“…Since this intermediate is toxic, it is converted to lactate via the glyoxalase system (Supporting Information Fig. S7) (Riddle and Lorenz, 1973;Cooper, 1984;Subedi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway analysis using ¹³C‐glycerol and other carbon tracers reveals a bipartite metabolism of Legionella pneumophila

Häuslein

Manske

Goebel

et al. 2016

Molecular Microbiology

106

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Amino acids represent the prime carbon and energy source for Legionella pneumophila, a facultative intracellular pathogen, which can cause a life-threatening pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. Genome, transcriptome and proteome studies indicate that L. pneumophila also utilizes carbon substrates other than amino acids. We show here that glycerol promotes intracellular replication of L. pneumophila in amoeba or macrophages (but not extracellular growth) dependent on glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GlpD. An L. pneumophila mutant strain lacking glpD was outcompeted by wild-type bacteria upon co-infection of amoeba, indicating an important role of glycerol during infection. Isotopologue profiling studies using (13) C-labelled substrates were performed in a novel minimal defined medium, MDM, comprising essential amino acids, proline and phenylalanine. In MDM, L. pneumophila utilized (13) C-labelled glycerol or glucose predominantly for gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while the amino acid serine was used for energy generation via the citrate cycle. Similar results were obtained for L. pneumophila growing intracellularly in amoeba fed with (13) C-labelled glycerol, glucose or serine. Collectively, these results reveal a bipartite metabolism of L. pneumophila, where glycerol and carbohydrates like glucose are mainly fed into anabolic processes, while serine serves as major energy supply.

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Nonenzymic formation of toxic levels of methylglyoxal from glycerol and dihydroxyacetone in Ringer's phosphate suspensions of avian spermatozoa

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Fermentation of dihydroxyacetone by engineered Escherichia coli and Klebsiella variicola to products

Fermentation of dihydroxyacetone by engineered Escherichia coli and Klebsiella variicola to products

Multiple Substrate Usage of Coxiella burnetii to Feed a Bipartite Metabolic Network

Pathway analysis using ¹³C‐glycerol and other carbon tracers reveals a bipartite metabolism of Legionella pneumophila

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Nonenzymic formation of toxic levels of methylglyoxal from glycerol and dihydroxyacetone in Ringer's phosphate suspensions of avian spermatozoa

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Fermentation of dihydroxyacetone by engineered Escherichia coli and Klebsiella variicola to products

Fermentation of dihydroxyacetone by engineered Escherichia coli and Klebsiella variicola to products

Multiple Substrate Usage of Coxiella burnetii to Feed a Bipartite Metabolic Network

Pathway analysis using 13C‐glycerol and other carbon tracers reveals a bipartite metabolism of Legionella pneumophila

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Pathway analysis using ¹³C‐glycerol and other carbon tracers reveals a bipartite metabolism of Legionella pneumophila