“…Then the obtained non-equilibrium distributions were used to calculate the transport coefficients, diffusion velocities, and heat fluxes on the basis of the accurate formulae of the kinetic theory. This approach was used for the evaluation of transport properties in the flows of non-equilibrium reacting mixtures of air components behind shock waves Chikhaoui et al (2000); , in the nozzle expansion Capitelli et al (2002); Kustova, Nagnibeda, Alexandrova & Chikhaoui (2002), in the hypersonic boundary layer Armenise et al (2006;; Kustova, Nagnibeda, Armenise & Capitelli (2002) (see also ). Below, we present some results of these applications concerning heat transfer in particular flows studied using the state-to-state, multi-temperature and one-temperature models.…”