Nonequilibrium solid phases studied by thermodynamic calculation, molecular dynamics simulation, ab initio calculation and ion-beam manipulation in an immiscible Au–Co system at equilibrium

Yan, H.F.; Guo, Haibo; Shen, Yanhong; Li, J.H.; Liu, B.X.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.012

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The higher liquid superficial velocity creates higher local liquid and solid velocities within the riser. The observation is in agreement with the result obtained by Yang et al (1999).…”

Section: Radial Distribution Of Solid Holdupssupporting

confidence: 95%

“…It was reported that the gas and solid holdups were distributed uniformly along the riser, whereas, the radial distributions were non-uniform. These findings agree with Yang et al (1999).There is no report focusing on the effect of operating conditions and particle size on the flow structure. In order to provide an efficient design and operation of the GLSCFB, its hydrodynamic behaviour must be studied and understood, as well as the influence of the operating conditions.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

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Flow Characterization of a Three‐Phase Circulating Fluidized Bed Using an Ultrasonic Technique

Vatanakull¹,

Zheng²,

Couturier³

2003

Can J Chem Eng

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G as-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized beds have gained considerable importance as shown in their commercial applications, such as catalytic cracking processes, Ficher-Tropsch synthesis, hydrometallurgical operations, coal liquefaction and aerobic and anaerobic treatment of wastewater (Fan, 1989). These successful applications lie in comprehensive understanding of the three-phase fluidization system, including hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer and mixing. Extensive studies have been carried out in the conventional three-phase fluidized beds where particles are fluidized in the bed and the bed height is well defined within the system (Chen et al., 1995;Matsumoto et al., 1997). However, conventional three-phase fluidized beds are not suitable to apply to the strong exothermic systems, systems employing light/small particles as well as the systems requiring catalysts to be regenerated. Gas-liquid-solid three-phase circulating fluidized bed (GLSCFB) is one specific type of three-phase fluidized beds with outer particle circulation, which is efficient in numerous multiphase industrial applications because of good phases contact, excellent heat and mass transfer characteristics and highoperated flexibility (Liang et al., 1997) Despite the distinct advantages of GLSCEB, few studies have been documented. Liang et al. (1997) first studied the hydrodynamic characteristics of the three-phase circulating fluidized bed using the conductivity probe. It was reported that the gas and solid holdups were distributed uniformly along the riser, whereas, the radial distributions were non-uniform. These findings agree with Yang et al. (1999).There is no report focusing on the effect of operating conditions and particle size on the flow structure. In order to provide an efficient design and operation of the GLSCFB, its hydrodynamic behaviour must be studied and understood, as well as the influence of the operating conditions.In this study, an ultrasonic technique has been applied to simultaneously measure phase holdups. In a multiphase system when an acoustic wave strikes the boundary between two different media and the acoustic impedances of the two media differ, some acoustic energy is reflected and some is transmitted. The reflected wave travels back through the incident medium at the same velocity. The transmitted wave continues to move through the new medium at the sound velocity of the new medium. Since the sound wave is partially scattered and absorbed while traveling in different media, the amplitude of the sound wave is reduced accordingly. An accurate measurement of the variations in sound speed The axial and radial distributions of solid and gas holdups were investigated in an air-water-glass bead circulating fluidized bed (GLSCFB) using a new ultrasonic technique, with a new method based on signal fluctuations. The cross-sectional averaged gas and solid holdups measured at two axial positions appear to be similar at all studied operating conditions. The radial non-uniformity decreases with increasing liquid velocity bu...

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“…The higher liquid superficial velocity creates higher local liquid and solid velocities within the riser. The observation is in agreement with the result obtained by Yang et al (1999).…”

Section: Radial Distribution Of Solid Holdupssupporting

confidence: 95%

supporting

confidence: 93%

Flow Characterization of a Three‐Phase Circulating Fluidized Bed Using an Ultrasonic Technique

Vatanakull¹,

Zheng²,

Couturier³

2003

Can J Chem Eng

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“…However, a model based thermodynamic rational which can reliably predict the alloying behavior and the stability of the alloy in terms of structure of the constituent phases and the microstructure development under extreme processing conditions is still missing. Though, Miedema's model [11] and first principle calculations [12,13] have achieved considerable success in predicting glass forming ability, the metastability arising out of the processing conditions and multicomponent alloy chemistry needs special consideration for fruitful exploitation of the approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified approach to phase and microstructural stability for Fe-ETM alloys through Miedema's model

et al. 2012

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“…Three-phase circulating fluidized beds can be utilized as a reactor or a contactor in the fields of petrochemical, biochemical, food, metallurgical and medical engineering due to their highly unique features and advantages such as effective contacting among gas, liquid and solid phases, minimizing the dead zone interior of the flow system, continuous regeneration of deactivated catalyst, adsorbent or absorption media, increase in the fractional conversion as well as production efficiency [1][2][3][4][5]. Several investigators, therefore, have studied three-phase circulating fluidized beds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Operating Variables on the Solid Circulation Rate in a Three-phase Circulating Fluidized Bed

Kim¹,

Hong²,

Lím³

et al. 2015

Korean Chemical Engineering Research

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− Effects of operating variables on the solid circulation rate were investigated in a three-phase circulating fluidized bed, of which inside diameter was 0.102m and height was 3.5m, respectively. Gas velocity, primary and secondary liquid velocities, particle size and height of solid particles piled up in the solid recycle device were chosen as operating variables. The solid circulation rate increased with increasing primary and secondary liquid velocities and height of solid particles piled up in the solid recycle device, but decreased with increasing particle size. The value of solid circulation rate decreased only slightly with increasing gas velocity in the riser. The values of solid circulation rate were well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups within the experimental conditions.

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Nonequilibrium solid phases studied by thermodynamic calculation, molecular dynamics simulation, ab initio calculation and ion-beam manipulation in an immiscible Au–Co system at equilibrium

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Flow Characterization of a Three‐Phase Circulating Fluidized Bed Using an Ultrasonic Technique

Flow Characterization of a Three‐Phase Circulating Fluidized Bed Using an Ultrasonic Technique

A unified approach to phase and microstructural stability for Fe-ETM alloys through Miedema's model

Effects of Operating Variables on the Solid Circulation Rate in a Three-phase Circulating Fluidized Bed

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