Nonfreezing cryopreservation – a possible means of improving long-term transplant function?

Banafsche, Ramin; Pomer, S; Staehler, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1432-2277.1998.tb00788.x

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…After the time indicated, animals were killed and the livers were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde buffer. 15 For confocal analysis, livers were cut into small cubes and sectioned into 100-m-thick slices with a vibratome. The slices were embedded in fluoromount G solution, sealed with a coverglass, and analyzed by confocal microscopy.…”

Section: Dhbv Infection Of Primary Duck Liver Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial cell-mediated uptake of a hepatitis B virus: A new concept of liver targeting of hepatotropic microorganisms

2001

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The liver is a target for many infectious agents, most notably hepatitis viruses. However, several receptor molecules identified so far for hepatitis viruses were found to be ubiquitously expressed and can thus not account for efficient liver targeting. Using a model hepatitis B virus, the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), we have obtained data indicating that scavenging liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), rather than hepatocytes themselves, play the key role in the initial uptake of viral pathogens into the liver. Many microorganisms, most importantly hepatitis viruses, infect the liver with high efficiency, a process assumed to rely on expression of hepatocyte-specific receptor molecules mediating this tissue tropism. However, recently identified attachment receptors for hepatitis A virus (HAV): HAVcr-1, 1,2 for hepatitis C virus (HCV): CD81, 3 for duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV): carboxypeptidase D, 4-6 and putative receptors for hepatitis B virus 7-9 all lack a recognizable liver specificity. On the other hand, despite using a hepatocyte-specific receptor, asialoglycoprotein-receptor, the Marburg virus has a quite different tropism, infecting a variety of cells and tissues. 10 Thus, additional mechanisms must be considered to explain the efficiency by which some of these viruses are targeted to the liver.We have addressed this issue using DHBV as a model hepatitis virus. In this very efficient infection system, the virus attachment and uptake receptor, carboxypeptidase D, is a Golgi-resident protein that functions as a virus receptor by a recycling transport via the plasma membrane. 5 However, carboxypeptidase D is ubiquitously expressed, 4 which raises the question of how these viruses uniquely target hepatocytes, the only cell capable of replicating the virus. Finally, hepatocytes are not directly exposed to agents that pass the liver in the blood. Sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver (LSEC) that line the hepatic sinusoids, although fenestrated, physically separate the sinusoidal blood from the hepatocytes 11 ( Fig. 1A and 1B). To reach the hepatocytes, blood-borne viruses have thus either to pass LSEC through the fenestrae or be actively transported across the endothelium.Using the DHBV model, we have obtained data that support the concept of an active transport of viruses across the liver endothelium, thereby suggesting a key role for LSEC in the uptake of viral pathogens into the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Section: Dhbv Infection Of Primary Duck Liver Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%