Nonfreezing Water and Nonfreezing Benzene Capacities of Cottons and Modified Cottons

Magne, Frank C.; Skau, Evald L.

doi:10.1177/004051755202201105

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This represents a minimum void fraction of 30% and an internal area wliich is at least 19 m2/g cellulose and is probably considerably greater. Other evidence of substantial internal voids in dried native fibers is also available [ 12,14,20,33,48] although there is recent strong contrary evidence [44]. A moderately porous dry-fiber structure is consistent with the present results which indicate an accessible surface many times the superficial external area.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The desire for greater effectiveness of this type of molecule has led to the use of highly chlorinated hydrocarbons which are watersoluble by virtue of sulfonic [24,30] and sulfonamide [20,25 J groups and have an insectproofing effect by virtue of their chlorine content [13]. Certain anionic surface-active agents, which contain sulfonic acid groups and would be held by the wool in a manner similar to most dyes, also possess activity against larvae of the clothes moth ( T ineola bisselliella) and the carpet beetle (Anthrenus flavipes) (22], but poor washand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accessibility of Cellulose by the Thallous Ethylate Method—Application to the Measurement of Cellulose Liquid Interactions1

Minhas

Robertson

1967

Textile Research Journal

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The extent of thallation of cellulose by reaction with thallous ethylate in benzene is advanced as a method for measuring the accessibility of cellulose. The method is demonstrated by its application to a series of samples of fibers that have been swollen to varying degrees by immersion in different solvents and transferred by solvent exchange to benzene. The extent of reaction is related to the swelling power of the immersion liquid and to the assumed microfibrillar structure of the fiber wall. About 14% of the hydroxyl groups are found to be accessible in water swollen cotton fibers while 0.9% are accessible in the same fibers dried from water. The measurement of accessibility of cellulose to a reagent of moderate molecular size and under conditions which do not affect the sample accessibility offers advantages over alternative methods.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessibility of Cellulose by the Thallous Ethylate Method—Application to the Measurement of Cellulose Liquid Interactions1

Minhas

Robertson

1967

Textile Research Journal

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“…37,38 The presence of a strongly bound monolayer of water on cotton has been consistent historically with thermal calculations (90 cal/g) approximating that of the heat of fusion for ice, and validating the hydrogen bonding forces to cellulose. 38,[40][41][42][43] From this state further water sorption then assumes the character of capillary condensation and has been characterized as free water, i.e. perturbed and unperturbed water.…”

Section: Water Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid handling and fabric handle profiles of hydroentangled greige cotton and spunbond polypropylene nonwoven topsheets

Edwards

Mao

Russell

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Wettable nonwoven topsheets are traditionally spunbond polypropylene nonwoven fabrics. The fluid handling performance of hydroentangled greige cotton nonwovens was studied to determine their suitability for topsheet applications based upon analysis of fluid rewet, strikethrough, and acquisition properties; and the relative contributions of nonwoven cotton's cellulosic and wax components to hydrophobic and hydrophilic fluid transport properties are addressed. It was observed that mechanically cleaned greige cotton nonwovens exhibit certain fluid handling properties that are similar to polypropylene spunbond-meltblown topsheets, partly as a result of the residual wax content.Subsequently, the surface polarity, swelling, and moisture uptake of 100% greige cotton and 50:50 blends of greige cotton and polypropylene hydroentangled nonwovens were studied in comparison with the performance of a commercially available 100% polypropylene spunbond-meltblown topsheets. The surface polarity, swelling, and wettability values obtained from electrokinetic and water contact angle analysis were found to be in agreement with the hydrophobic polypropylene topsheets. Additionally, comfort assessment was undertaken based upon fabric handle profiles using the Leeds University Fabric Handle Evaluation System, which is an objective evaluation based on the quantification of fabric buckling deformations. Of the fabrics studied in this work, 50:50 greige cotton/polypropylene hydroentangled fabrics were the softest as determined by the Leeds University Fabric Handle Evaluation System and exhibited fluid handling properties consistent with the requirements of commercial topsheets.

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“…In 1947-52, Magne et al (11,12) measured amounts of freezing and nonfreezing water in moist cellulose at -4.5°C. They found that all water was nonfreezing up to about 0.04 g/g native cotton, that about half of the water between 0.04 and 0.15-0.20 g/g was nonfreezing, and that all of the water above 0.15-0.20 g/g was freezing.…”

Section: Bound Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose: Pores, Internal Surfaces, and the Water Interface

Rowland

1977

ACS Symposium Series

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The microstructure of fibers is important to textile performance properties, but it is the pore structure and surfaces of pores that are critical to moisture regain, imbibed water, and the modification of fibers with finishes that must enter fibers in order to perform their function. In the case of cellulosic fibers, most specifically cotton fibers, pores allow penetration of dyes, polymerizable monomers, and cellulose-reactive reagents. Additionally, pores provide space for polymer deposition and hydroxy1-rich surfaces for sorption and reaction. Flame-retarding finishes for cotton generally operate by deposition of insoluble phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing polymers, for which pore volume is important. Conventional shape-retentive finishes, on the other hand, operate by formation of covalent linkages from reagent to cellulosic hydroxyl groups, for which pore surfaces are important. In both cases, the finishes are generally more effective or more durable, or the products exhibit better balances of textile properties when the degree of penetration is greater. Considering the practical importance of chemical finishing of cellulosic fibers and the increasingly sophisticated requirements for performance qualities of textile fabrics, the current state of our knowledge concerning penetration of water-soluble solutes into cotton fibers and interactions of the solutes with pore surfaces is less than adequate.The purpose of this review is to examine evidence from several approaches and methods concerning the nature of water in pores of cellulosic fibers and to examine the nature of interactions of solutes in aqueous solution with pore walls of cellulose. Pore formation, bound water, nonsolvent water, inaccessible water, solute-pore wall interaction, and the structure of water near cellulose surfaces are considered in sequence in order to develop an overall perspective and a conceptual model for the manner in which water is held and behaves in cellulosic fibers. A chronological approach is taken within each section for orientation, and a summarizing 20 Downloaded by DICLE UNIV on November 5, 2014 |

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Nonfreezing Water and Nonfreezing Benzene Capacities of Cottons and Modified Cottons

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Accessibility of Cellulose by the Thallous Ethylate Method—Application to the Measurement of Cellulose Liquid Interactions1

Accessibility of Cellulose by the Thallous Ethylate Method—Application to the Measurement of Cellulose Liquid Interactions1

Fluid handling and fabric handle profiles of hydroentangled greige cotton and spunbond polypropylene nonwoven topsheets

Cellulose: Pores, Internal Surfaces, and the Water Interface

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