Nongassing Long-Lasting Electro-osmotic Pump with Polyaniline-wrapped Aminated Graphene Electrodes

Abstract

An efficient nongassing electro-osmotic pump (EOP) with long-lasting electrodes and exceptionally stable operation is developed by using novel flow-through polyaniline (PANI)-wrapped aminated graphene (NH2-G) electrodes. The NH2-G/PANI electrode combines the excellent oxidation/reduction capacity of PANI with the exceptional conductivity and inertness of NH2-G. The flow rate varies linearly with voltage but is highly dependent on the electrode composition. The flow rates at a potential of 5 V for pristine NH2-G and PANI electrodes are 71 and 100 μL min(-1) cm(-2), respectively, which increase substantially by the use of NH2-G/PANI electrode. It increased from 125 to 182 μL min(-1) cm(-2) as the fraction of aniline increased from 66.63 to 90.90%. The maximum flux obtained is 40 μL min(-1) V(-1) cm(-2) with NH2-G/PANI-90.9 electrodes. The assembled EOP remained exceptionally stable until the electrode columbic capacity was fully utilized. The prototype shown here delivered 8.0 μL/min at a constant applied voltage of 2 V for over 7 h of continuous operation. The best EOP produces a maximum stall pressure of 3.5 kPa at 3 V. These characteristics make it suitable for a variety of microfluidic/device applications.

A large-area, all-plastic, flexible electroosmotic pump

“…However, the authors reported that water electrolysis still became the dominating Faradaic reaction at increased applied potentials due to the slow reaction rate of oxidation or reduction of PHBQ. Similarly, polyanilinewrapped aminated graphene electrodes were used in combination with a silica frit to produce a long-lasting, non-gassing EOP (Kumar et al 2015). Finally, we have previously shown poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as an electrode material to mitigate water electrolysis at applied potential as high as 250 V across (rigid) electrokinetic systems (Bengtsson et al 2014;Erlandsson and Robinson 2011).…”

Electroosmotic Flow in Cell Built with Electrodes Having Two Redox Couples

“…4 Having a single dominant proton-generating anode reaction and a single dominant proton-consuming cathode reaction balancing the anode reaction such that the net cell reaction is nil, their small (∼0.3 V) flow threshold was defined by the pH difference between the anode and cathode compartments, and their flow was constant for a particular applied voltage or current.…”

A non‐gassing electroosmotic pump with sandwich of poly(2‐ethyl aniline)‐Prussian blue nanocomposite and PVDF membrane

“…The maximum value of obtained electroosmotic flux was 43 µL/min/cm/V for EPANI‐A, and was higher than 40 µL/min/cm/V obtained for polyanthraquinone based EOP . It was even higher than the EOP assembled with polybenzoquinone/hydroquinone polymers , alizarin dye , ceria , and PANI‐graphene composite electrodes, but lower than the hydrogen ferricyanide and Ag/Ag 2 O electrodes . The lower performance is associated with the sluggish kinetics of the electrode.…”