Noninavasive angiography for the diagnosis of carotid artery disease using Doppler ultrasound (carotid artery Doppler).

Keller, H.; Meier, W; Yonekawa, Yasuhiro; Kumpe, D A

doi:10.1161/01.str.7.4.354

Cited by 69 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Discussion Using ultrasonic Doppler technique Miiller et al 6 reported that the blood flow in a medial frontal artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery was restored to the physiological direction from the reversed one in 4 patients whose stenosed internal carotid arteries were recanalized with endarterectomy. Keller et al 3 observed that the blood flow in a medial frontal artery was restored to the physiological direction in 5 among 12 patients who had undergone STA-MCA anastomosis for internal carotid artery obstruction. These reports indirectly support the present findings of the ophthalmic artery Doppler examination in patients with spontaneous recanalization.…”

Section: Follow Up Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between ophthalmic artery blood flow and recanalization of occluded carotid artery. Ultrasonic Doppler study.

Kaneda¹,

Irino²,

Arita³

et al. 1978

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SUMMARY Ophthalmic artery blood flow in 5 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion of sudden onset was monitored by an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter to investigate the possible relationship to spontaneous recanalization of the occluded artery. The occluded internal carotid arteries of 2 patients were confirmed angiographically to recanalize and the reversed flow of their ophthalmic arteries changed to physiological flow after the recanalization. The ophthalmic artery blood flow remained reversed in 2 patients whose occluded internal carotid arteries did not recanalize on the follow up angiograms. In the other patient, whose ophthalmic artery blood flow was not detected by the ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter in the acute stage, physiological flow through the ophthalmic artery was detected later. The occluded internal carotid artery did not recanalize and this physiological ophthalmic artery blood flow was filled through the circle of Willis.AN OCCLUDED major cerebral artery spontaneously recanalizes in about 40% of acute patients and the spontaneous recanalization frequently produces hemorrhagic infarction.

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Section: Follow Up Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between ophthalmic artery blood flow and recanalization of occluded carotid artery. Ultrasonic Doppler study.

Kaneda¹,

Irino²,

Arita³

et al. 1978

Stroke

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“…1 " 3 The use of commercially available Doppler continuous-wave devices to assess obstructions in extracranial cerebral arteries is promising, particularly when additional maneuvers such as compression tests are performed. 4 ' 6 Procedures using pulsed velocity meters with only a single channel are generally too time consuming for clinical screening of at-risk patients. 1 ' 2t "~8 In this paper we present a multichannel computer-assisted pulsed Doppler ultrasonic system and its application in the quantitative evaluation of cerebrovascular insufficiency in the presence of carotid artery obstructions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive measurement of velocity profiles and blood flow in the common carotid artery by pulsed Doppler ultrasound.

Keller¹,

Meier²,

Anliker³

et al. 1976

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SUMMARY A computer-controlled 14-channel pulsed Doppler ultrasound instrument was used as a noninvasive means to evaluate instantaneous velocity profiles and flow in the common carotid arteries of 22 healthy persons and in 22 patients. Of the latter, 13 had severe obstructions of the extracranial portion of the carotid artery, four had obstruction of the intracranial portion, and five had severe aortic valve insufficiency (AI), with more than 60% regurgitation in all cases. Measurements could be performed within an accuracy of about ± 20% under clinical conditions and revealed perfusion values of 5 to 8 ml per second (300 to 480 ml per minute) in healthy persons. Of the patients, values less than 3 ml per second (180 ml per minute) were detected in nine, between 3 and 5 ml per second (180 to 300 ml per minute) in four, and normal values in another four, while significant backflow was observed only in patients with severe AI. Consecutive blood flow profiles were recorded every 4 msec; these demonstrated that, for a period lasting from 40 msec to 280 msec after the initial systolic peak, blood flow decelerated more rapidly in the central portion of the vessel lumen than near the wall. This situation was present in all healthy persons and in most patients with pathological flow. In patients with AI, flow reinversion from reverse to normal began near the vessel wall, while in the middle third of the vessel lumen, blood was still flowing backward. These phenomena seem to be in agreement with the theoretical and experimental findings of Wormersly, MQIIer, and others. The AI patients who underwent artificial valve implantation were studied ten days after operation and showed no or little backflow in the common carotid artery at that time.

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“…In the field of cerebrovascular diseases, Maroon et al (1970) and Muller (1972) reported the diagnostic possibility in internal carotid occlusion detecting the direction of blood flow in the territory of the ophthalmic artery. Thereafter many authors have reported its diagnostic usefulness in obstructive lesions of the internal carotid (Keller et al, 1976a;Shoumaker and Bloch, 1978;White and Curry, 1978;Wise et al, 1979) and vertebral artery (Kaneda et al, 1977 Quantitative evaluation of blood flow by doppler ultrasound is instructive in the physiology and pathophysiology of blood flow. Some efforts have been made to determine blood flow volume by doppler ultrasound, but those seem to have been limited to experimental study or to biomedical engineering, and there have been few clinical studies (Doriot et al, 1975;Keller et al, 1976b;Fish, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiquantitative evaluation of ophthalmic collateral flow in carotid artery occlusion: ultrasonic doppler study.

Kaneda¹,

Irino²,

Watanabe³

et al. 1979

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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SUM MARY The reliability of quantitative evaluation by doppler ultrasound with regard to the ophthalmic collateral blood flow in patients with carotid artery occlusion was estimated. The ultrasonic doppler flow signals of the ophthalmic collateral flow of 54 carotid occlusions were classified into four types and three degrees-high, moderate, and low reversed flow patternsand were compared with the angiographic findings of the collateral flow classified into three grades-good, poor, and none. With the exception of three cases, the ultrasonic doppler flow patterns of the collateral flow correlated well with the angiographic findings in 54 occluded carotid arteries.The clinical symptoms of internal carotid occlusion are various, from no symptom to severe neurological deficit. One of the reasons for the symptomatic variation is the amount of collateral blood flow which flows into the distal territory of the occluded portion of the carotid artery through the ophthalmic artery, the circle of Willis, and/or other arteries. Therefore, it is clinically important to evaluate the collateral flow in patients with carotid artery occlusion. Although angiography is the best method for evaluating the collateral flow, its use is restricted because of its invasive nature and side effects. Much attention has been focused on the noninvasive evaluation of the collateral flow with the ultrasonic doppler technique.A patient with carotid occlusion frequently has a collateral flow through the ophthalmic artery which is often detectable as a "reversed" blood flow by the ultrasonic doppler flowmeter. Based on this pathological phenomenon, many authors (Muller, 1973;Hyman, 1974;Katz et al., 1976;Lye et al., 1976; von Reutern et al., 1976) reported that an occlusion or high grade stenosis of the carotid artery had been diagnosed noninvasively using doppler ultrasound. However, quantitative evaluation of the ophthalmic collateral flow by doppler ultrasound has not been

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Noninavasive angiography for the diagnosis of carotid artery disease using Doppler ultrasound (carotid artery Doppler).

Cited by 69 publications

References 21 publications

Relationship between ophthalmic artery blood flow and recanalization of occluded carotid artery. Ultrasonic Doppler study.

Relationship between ophthalmic artery blood flow and recanalization of occluded carotid artery. Ultrasonic Doppler study.

Noninvasive measurement of velocity profiles and blood flow in the common carotid artery by pulsed Doppler ultrasound.

Semiquantitative evaluation of ophthalmic collateral flow in carotid artery occlusion: ultrasonic doppler study.

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