Nonintrusive estimation of anisotropic stiffness maps of heterogeneous steel welds for the improvement of ultrasonic array inspection

Fan, Zheng; Mark, Andrew; Lowe, M. J. S.; Withers, Philip J.

doi:10.1109/tuffc.2015.007018

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Previous work has shown that stiffness maps from EBSD data are of more than sufficient resolution to allow refinement of model stiffness maps used to correct ultrasonic flaw detection signals (Mark et al ., ). Because the routines used to produce these model stiffness maps involve iterative correction, the requirements for the initial input maps are not stringent (Fan et al ., ). Angular agreement within 25° is acceptable so SRAS maps could be used as input data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of grain to grain orientation and stiffness mapping by spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy and EBSD

Mark

Sharples

et al. 2017

Journal of Microscopy

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Our aim was to establish the capability of spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy (SRAS) to map grain orientations and the anisotropy in stiffness at the sub-mm to micron scale by comparing the method with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) undertaken within a scanning electron microscope. In the former the grain orientations are deduced by measuring the spatial variation in elastic modulus; conversely, in EBSD the elastic anisotropy is deduced from direct measurements of the crystal orientations. The two test-cases comprise mapping the fusion zones for large TIG and MMA welds in thick power plant austenitic and ferritic steels respectively; these are technologically important because, among other things, elastic anisotropy can cause ultrasonic weld inspection methods to become inaccurate because it causes bending in the paths of sound waves. The spatial resolution of SRAS is not as good as that for EBSD (~100 μm versus ~a few nm), nor is the angular resolution (~1.5 degrees versus ~0.5 degrees). However the method can be applied to much larger areas (currently on the order of 300 mm square), is much faster (~5 times), is cheaper and easier to perform, and it could be undertaken on the manufacturing floor. Given these advantages, particularly to industrial users, and the on-going improvements to the method, SRAS has the potential to become a standard method for orientation mapping, particularly in cases where the elastic anisotropy is important over macroscopic/component length-scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of grain to grain orientation and stiffness mapping by spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy and EBSD

Mark

Sharples

et al. 2017

Journal of Microscopy

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“…The predicted simple stiffness map, using the MINA model, matches the measured stiffness variation quite well, with some improvement desirable. A process to refine the MINA map was thus developed, which is discussed in [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 1(b) shows an example of a weld stiffness map made using recorded welding procedures and MINA parameters obtained from the macrograph of the weld [8].…”

Section: Stiffness Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This opens the possibility of improving the generation of weld maps for advanced inspection procedures, which is discussed in a separate paper [8].…”

Section: Aims Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new method was thus developed to refine the MINA predicted map inputs using ultrasonic phased array measurements. This procedure is described in a separate publication [8]. The refining method is robust enough not to need an accurate starting map, so it is useful for predicting a weld map even in cases when the weld notebook information is not known.…”

Section: Comparison Of Mina Predicted Map To Calculated Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the elastic/crystallographic anisotropy of welds for improved ultrasonic inspections

Mark

Fan

Azough

et al. 2014

Materials Characterization

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Ultrasonic inspection is an effective way of ensuring the initial and continued integrity of welded joints nondestructively. The accuracy of the technique can be compromised due to spatial variations in the anisotropy of the material stiffness in the weld region. Predicted in-plane weld stiffness maps can be used to correct the ultrasound paths for improved results, but these are based on several assumptions about the weld material. This study has examined the validity of these assumptions and provided detailed weld metal grain orientation maps from which a stiffness map has been calculated for an Inconel 600 weld. Good agreement was found except near the boundaries of the weld. Further it was found that the crystal growth (most compliant) direction was typically oriented around 14.5°out of plane towards the welding direction. Having validated the model, a comparison of predicted and calculated stiffness maps was made. The predicted map was found to be satisfactory over the majority of the weld area.

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Guided wave‐based damage assessment on welded steel I‐beam under ambient temperature variations

Tang

Yun

et al. 2021

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary Welded steel I‐beams are widely used in civil infrastructures and industrial facilities as the major load‐carrying members. The fillet weld zone, which connects the web plate and flange plate, is vulnerable to defects and fatigue cracks during the long service life, which may result in catastrophic accidents. In this study, a guided wave‐based damage assessment method is presented to monitor the weld zone of a steel I‐beam under ambient temperature variations. The semi‐analytical finite element (SAFE) analysis was performed to investigate the characteristics of guided wave propagation in a welded I‐beam. A signal‐processing procedure that incorporates the principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) was proposed for damage assessment. The PCA was performed to identify and eliminate significant environmental effects from the guided wave signals. Reconstructed residual signals were obtained from the PCA for damage detection. The ICA was performed to improve the damage localization by identifying the wave packets that are closely related to the occurrence of damage. Lab‐scale experiments were performed on a steel I‐beam under various ambient temperatures. The results show that the inflicted cuts on the weld line have been successfully detected. The damage severity can be qualitatively evaluated based on the magnitudes of Q‐statistics through the PCA. The results of the damage localization can be effectively improved by incorporating the ICA‐based signal decomposition.

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Nonintrusive estimation of anisotropic stiffness maps of heterogeneous steel welds for the improvement of ultrasonic array inspection

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Comparison of grain to grain orientation and stiffness mapping by spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy and EBSD

Comparison of grain to grain orientation and stiffness mapping by spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy and EBSD

Investigation of the elastic/crystallographic anisotropy of welds for improved ultrasonic inspections

Guided wave‐based damage assessment on welded steel I‐beam under ambient temperature variations

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