Noninvasive blood flow measurement using speckle signals from a self-mixing laser diode: &lt;italic&gt;in vitro&lt;/italic&gt; and &lt;italic&gt;in vivo&lt;/italic&gt; experiments

Özdemir, Şahin Kaya; Shinohara, S.; Takamiya, S.; Yoshida, H.

doi:10.1117/1.1287262

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is necessary to understand how the system responds to velocity and concentration of scatterers in order to use it in perfusion measurements. The variations of the back-coupled light intensity and its relation with the perfusion as well as the speckle statistical properties obtained from microcirculation blood flow must be understood [20,21]. This is crucial to compare selfmixing sensors with the commercial sensors available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique eliminates the need of additional detectors and components such as isolators and pinholes. This leads to cheaper and more compact systems [20].…”

Section: Basic Principles and Measuring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several signal processing methods were proposed in the literature for self-mixing signals processing, namely the counting method (CM), the autocorrelation method (AC) and the power spectrum method (PSM) [19,20]. These methods will be evaluated for both in vitro and in vivo validations.…”

Section: Brain Microcirculation and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-mixing microprobe for monitoring microvascular perfusion in rat brain

Figueiras

Oliveira

Lourenço

et al. 2012

Med Biol Eng Comput

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Measuring functional activity in brain in connection with neural stimulation faces technological challenges. Our goal is to evaluate, in relative terms, the real-time variations of local cerebral blood flow in rat brain, with a convenient spatial resolution. The use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) probes is a promising approach but commercially available LDF probes are still too large (450 lm) to allow insertion in brain tissue without causing damage in an extension that may negatively impact local measurements. The self-mixing technique coupled to LDF is herein proposed to overcome limitations of the minimal diameter of the probe imposed by non-self-mixing probes (commercial available probes). Our Monte Carlo simulations show that laser photons have a mean penetration depth of 0.15 mm, on the rat brain with the 785 nm laser light microprobe. Moreover, three self-mixing signal processing methods are tested: counting method, autocorrelation method, power spectrum method. The perfusion signal computed shows a good linearity with the scatterers velocity, for the three methods (a determination coefficient close to one is obtained), for the in vitro measurements. Furthermore, we believe that these indicators can be used to monitor local blood flow changes in the rat brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique eliminates the need of additional detectors and components such as isolators and pinholes. This leads to cheaper and more compact systems [20].…”

Section: Basic Principles and Measuring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Self-mixing microprobe for monitoring microvascular perfusion in rat brain

Figueiras

Oliveira

Lourenço

et al. 2012

Med Biol Eng Comput

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“…Inspired by the success of such measurements on solid objects, the use of Doppler effect in SM-LD schemes has been proposed and applied for blood flow measurement [15], [16]. In the same way, we proposed to use speckle effect in the SM-LDs and shown that it can be used for the velocity measurement of non-cooperative surfaces, and as well as for the profiling of blood flow over the skin [17], [18], [19]. Despite the simplicity of SM-LD systems, careful attention has to be paid to parameters, such as the back-coupled light intensity and the distance from the laser to the external object to avoid chaotic laser dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessment on Self-mixing Laser Interferometry for Blood flow Measurement over Skin Surface

Ozdemir

Ohno

Shinohara

2006

2006 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings

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We study self-mixing laser diode (SM-LD) as a low-cost and compact optical sensor for non-invasive blood flow measurement and profiling over the skin surface. By making in-vivo and in-vitro measurements, we compare the SM-LD based sensor with the commercially available flowmeters to assess the accuracy and feasibility of SM-LD sensors for such applications. For the SM-LD based sensor, we apply two different signal processing methods (i) counting the intensity fluctuations of the signal from the SM-LD to obtain a frequency value, and (ii) the autocorrelation of the signal. In-vitro measurements show good agreement with the commercially available flowmeters. In-vivo measurements performed on test subjects revealed that autocorrelation technique shows much better results than the counting technique in blood flow profiling and SM-LD based sensor suffers from errors caused by external artifacts during measurements.

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“…LSMS represents self-mixing speckle signal, when the rough surface is moving, it can used for dynamic measurement. To our knowledge, it has been use for velocity and displacement measurement [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In the previous researches, the characteristic of self-mixing speckle signal and the methods of signal analysis were discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation and experimental study of self-mixing speckle generated in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser

Han

Zuo

2009

Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings (POEM) 2009: Fiber Optic Communication and Sensors

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In this paper, self-mixing speckle generated in an erbium-doped fiber laser is numerically simulated and experimentally studied. The experimental model of self-mixing speckle based on an erbium-doped fiber ring (EDFR) laser is presented, and using the theories of light amplification and speckles, the model is theoretically analyzed. With the analytical results, the self-mixing speckle signal is obtained by numerical simulation. The signals represented different velocities are analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the result shows that the mean speckle frequency of the signal and the velocity of a dynamic object are linearly related, which is agreed with that of the experimental study. The results of theoretical analysis and experimental study indicate that self-mixing speckle in an erbium-doped optical fiber laser can be used to the measurement of a dynamic object.

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Noninvasive blood flow measurement using speckle signals from a self-mixing laser diode: <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> experiments

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Self-mixing microprobe for monitoring microvascular perfusion in rat brain

Self-mixing microprobe for monitoring microvascular perfusion in rat brain

Assessment on Self-mixing Laser Interferometry for Blood flow Measurement over Skin Surface

Numerical simulation and experimental study of self-mixing speckle generated in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser

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