Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Heart Failure: Utilization of Impedance Cardiography

Abstract

evaluation, longitudinal prognostication, and therapeutic decisions. (CRF. 2003;9:241-250) e200J eRF, Inc.

Hemodynamic Patterns Identified by Impedance Cardiography Predict Mortality in the General Population: The PREVENCION Study

“…However, we note that SV/PP and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity are not interchangeable. SV/PP is dependent on the compliance of the entire arterial tree, which is dependent on arterial wall stiffness and arterial size and is composed of variable contributions from both large and muscular arteries 1, 2, 3. Our data also indicate that SV/PP is a more‐robust predictor of mortality than SVR, given that, in contrast to SV/PP, the latter did not remain a significant independent predictor of death in subjects without established stage 2 hypertension.…”

“…Four dual ICG sensors were placed on the subject, 2 above the base of the neck and just below each ear and 1 on either side of the thorax in the midaxillary line at the level of the xiphoid process (Figure 1). ICG provides measures of cardiac function (cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, and stroke volume index), in addition to indices of LV chamber contractility (velocity index, acceleration index, pre‐ejection period, LV ejection time, and the systolic time ratio [ie, pre‐ejection period divided by LV ejection time]) 3, 4. The definition of these indices and the units of measurement are shown in Table S2.…”

“…Blood pressure (BP) is determined by interactions between the heart and arterial properties. Mean arterial pressure is the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), whereas pulse pressure results from the interaction between the stroke volume generated by the left ventricle (LV) and the biophysical properties of conduit arteries 1, 2, 3. It follows that patients with identical BP may have substantially different hemodynamic patterns.…”

“…Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a simple, operator‐independent, noninvasive method that can approximate stroke volume, allowing for the assessment of cardiac output, systemic SVR, and the stroke volume/pulse pressure ratio (SV/PP; an index of total arterial compliance) 3, 4, 5. In addition, ICG provides various indices of LV function/contractility, derived from the rate of change of electrical impedance in the thorax.…”

The pilot study of role of electrical cardiometry in non-invasive assessment of hemodynamic parameters in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (RCD code: II-1A.1)

“…The electrical cardiometry (EC) technique could estimate cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) and other parameters related to cardiac contractility and fluid status by measuring the thoracic electrical bioimpedance [1]. It has been validated and is utilized in various cardiovascular disorders, however its diagnostic relevance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or right ventricular (RV) failure is unclear [2].…”