Noninvasive in vivo assessment of cholinergic cortical circuits in AD using transcranial magnetic stimulation

Lazzaro, Vincenzo Di; Oliviero, Antonio; Tonali, P.; Marra, Camillo; Daniele, Antonio; Profice, Paolo; Saturno, E.; Pilato, Fabio; Masullo, Carlo; Rothwell, John C.

doi:10.1212/wnl.59.3.392

Cited by 261 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is also another example of the role that somatosensory integration plays during volitional movement. This may be important for analysis of various movement disorders particularly those in which either loss of somatosensory integration was demonstrated during movement (Sohn and Hallett 2004b) or different effects of peripheral nerve stimulation on M1 excitability have been shown at rest (Delwaide and Olivier 1990;Di Lazzaro et al 2002;Tamburin et al 2002;Sailer et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-latency afferent inhibition during selective finger movement

et al. 2005

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During individual finger movement, two opposite phenomena occur at the level of the central nervous system that could affect other intrinsic hand muscle representations, unintentional co-activation, and surround inhibition (SI). At rest, excitability in the motor cortex (M1) is inhibited at about 20 ms after electric stimulation of a peripheral nerve [short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI)]. We sought to determine whether SAI changes during selective index finger movement. Effects were measured by the response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in two functionally distinct target muscles of the hand [abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM), first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI)]. An increase in SAI in the ADM during index finger movement compared to at rest could help explain the genesis of SI. Electrical stimulation was applied to either the little finger (homotopic for ADM, heterotopic for FDI) or the index finger (heterotopic for ADM, homotopic for FDI). During index finger movement, homotopic SAI was present only in the ADM, and the effect of peripheral stimulation was greater when there was less co-activation. Heterotopic SAI found at rest disappeared with movement. We conclude that during movement, homotopic SAI on the muscle in the surround of the intended movement may contribute to SI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-latency afferent inhibition during selective finger movement

et al. 2005

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“…The resulting disconnection of cortical areas from their source of cholinergic innervation in the basal forebrain could be responsible for cognitive impairment in brain injury [52]. However, it cannot be ruled out that SAI occurs via cholinergic modulation of inhibitory circuits rather than via a direct inhibitory cholinergic effect [25,53]. Studies in rat auditory cortex [54] showed that spontaneous Ach (acetylcholine) release depresses synaptic potentials mediated by glutamate and GABA, and ACh release is in turn under glutamatergic afferent control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, we wanted to assess the relationship between paired TMS measures in the motor cortex and the clinical measures of the overall functional status and the level of consciousness. In order to test the excitability in the motor cortex, we studied (1) Resting motor threshold (RMT), as a measure of membrane excitability and anatomical features related to corticospinal tract function [20]; (2) Intracortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (ICF), as a measure of cortical inhibitory network depended on GABAA receptor activity [21,22]; and (3) Short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) [23,24], as a cortical inhibitory phenomenon thought to be regulated by cholinergic circuits [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticospinal excitability in patients with anoxic, traumatic, and non-traumatic diffuse brain injury

Lapitskaya¹,

Moerk²,

Gosseries

et al. 2013

Brain Stimulation

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Keywords:Brain injury Motor evoked potential Transcranial magnetic stimulation Short latency afferent inhibition a b s t r a c t Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been frequently used to explore changes in motor cortex excitability in stroke and traumatic brain injury, while the extent of motor cortex reorganization in patients with diffuse non-traumatic brain injury remains largely unknown. Objective/hypothesis: It was hypothesized that the motor cortex excitability would be decreased and would correlate to the severity of brain injury and level of functioning in patients with anoxic, traumatic, and non-traumatic diffuse brain injury. Methods: TMS was applied to primary motor cortices of 19 patients with brain injury (5 traumatic and 14 non-traumatic causes; on average four months after insult), and 9 healthy controls. The test parameters included resting motor threshold (RMT), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short latency afferent inhibition (SAI). Excitability parameters were correlated to the severity of brain injury measured with Glasgow Coma Scale and the level of functioning assessed using the Ranchos Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Assessment Scale and Functional Independence Measure. Results: The patient group revealed a significantly decreased SICI and SAI compared to healthy controls with the amount of SICI correlated significantly to the severity of brain injury. Other electrophysiological parameters did not differ between the groups and did not exhibit any significant relationship with clinical functional scores.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the impairment of the cortical inhibitory circuits in patients with brain injury of traumatic and non-traumatic aetiology. Moreover, the significant correlation was found between the amount of SICI and the severity of brain injury.

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“…Similarly, the reduction of SICI, IHI and CSP was also demonstrated in the motor cortex of patients with bipolar disorder (Levinson et al, 2007). Application of TMS-EMG in cognitive disorders has shown that patients with Alzheimer's disease have reduced SAI measures (Di Lazzaro et al, 2002b), and it was reported that an oral dose of rivastigmine enhanced SAI in a subgroup of patients (Di Lazzaro et al, 2002b). Reduction of SAI has also been reported in early Alzheimer's disease (Nardone et al, 2008).…”

Section: Tms-eeg-emg In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Neuropsychiatric Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Electromyography and Electroencephalography: Application in Diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Farzan

Barr

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2012

EMG Methods for Evaluating Muscle and Nerve Function

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Noninvasive in vivo assessment of cholinergic cortical circuits in AD using transcranial magnetic stimulation

Abstract: The findings suggest that this method can be used as a noninvasive test of cholinergic pathways in AD. Future studies are required to evaluate whether short latency afferent inhibition measurements have any consistent clinical correlates.

Cited by 261 publications

References 22 publications

Short-latency afferent inhibition during selective finger movement

Short-latency afferent inhibition during selective finger movement

Corticospinal excitability in patients with anoxic, traumatic, and non-traumatic diffuse brain injury

Combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Electromyography and Electroencephalography: Application in Diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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