Noninvasive measurement of dissipation in colloidal systems

Lander, Boris; Mehl, Jakob; Blickle, Valentin; Bechinger, Clemens; Seifert, Udo

doi:10.1103/physreve.86.030401

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…From an experimental point of view the reason for this is straightforward: controlling all external forces acting on a system of many coupled degrees of freedom during a non-equilibrium process in a well-defined way, i.e. measuring the applied work, is a huge challenge [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-equilibrium work distribution for interacting colloidal particles under friction

et al. 2015

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We experimentally investigate the non-equilibrium steady-state distribution of the work done by an external force on a mesoscopic system with many coupled degrees of freedom: a colloidal crystal mechanically driven across a commensurate periodic light field. Since this system mimics the spatiotemporal dynamics of a crystalline surface moving on a corrugated substrate, our results show general properties of the work distribution for atomically flat surfaces undergoing friction. We address the role of several parameters which can influence the shape of the work distribution, e.g. the number of particles used to locally probe the properties of the system and the time interval to measure the work. We find that, when tuning the control parameters to induce particle depinning from the substrate, there is an abrupt change of the shape of the work distribution. While in the completely static and sliding friction regimes the work distribution is Gaussian, non-Gaussian tails show up due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the particle dynamics during the transition between these two regimes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-equilibrium work distribution for interacting colloidal particles under friction

et al. 2015

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“…Such a quantification could, for example, provide insight into how efficiently molecular motors are able to work together to drive large-scale motions [15][16][17][18][19].One way to quantify this nonequilibrium activity is to measure the dissipation rate, or how much free energy is lost per unit time. In a biophysical setting, a direct local calorimetric measurement is challenging, but signatures of the dissipation are encoded in stochastic fluctuations of the system [20], even far-from-equilibrium [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. We set out to develop and explore strategies for inferring the dissipation rate from these experimentally-accessible nonequilibrium fluctuations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantifying dissipation using fluctuating currents

et al. 2019

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Systems coupled to multiple thermodynamic reservoirs can exhibit nonequilibrium dynamics, breaking detailed balance to generate currents. To power these currents, the entropy of the reservoirs increases. The rate of entropy production, or dissipation, is a measure of the statistical irreversibility of the nonequilibrium process. By measuring this irreversibility in several biological systems, recent experiments have detected that particular systems are not in equilibrium. Here we discuss three strategies to replace binary classification (equilibrium versus nonequilibrium) with a quantification of the entropy production rate. To illustrate, we generate time-series data for the evolution of an analytically tractable bead-spring model. Probability currents can be inferred and utilized to indirectly quantify the entropy production rate, but this approach requires prohibitive amounts of data in high-dimensional systems. This curse of dimensionality can be partially mitigated by using the thermodynamic uncertainty relation to bound the entropy production rate using statistical fluctuations in the probability currents.

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“…The Harada-Sasa equality connects the rate of dissipated energy to the spatial fluctuations in a nonequilibrium steady-state system. The feasibility of measuring the various ingredients in the Harada-Sasa framework was demonstrated in model systems such as a micron-sized colloidal particle in a viscous fluid [16,17], and then later generalized to a viscoelastic medium [18]. It has also been used to quantify the efficiency of an isolated molecular motor [19].…”

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Nonequilibrium dissipation in living oocytes

Fodor¹,

Ahmed²,

Almonacid³

et al. 2016

EPL

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-Living organisms are inherently out-of-equilibrium systems. We employ recent developments in stochastic energetics and rely on a minimal microscopic model to predict the amount of mechanical energy dissipated by such dynamics. Our model includes complex rheological effects and nonequilibrium stochastic forces. By performing active microrheology and tracking micronsized vesicles in the cytoplasm of living oocytes, we provide unprecedented measurements of the spectrum of dissipated energy. We show that our model is fully consistent with the experimental data, and we use it to offer predictions for the injection and dissipation energy scales involved in active fluctuations.Perrin's century old picture [1] where the Brownian motion of a colloid results from the many collisions exerted by the solvent's molecules is a cornerstone of soft-matter physics. Langevin [2] modeled the ensuing energy exchanges between the solvent and the colloidal particle in terms of a dissipation channel and energy injection kicks. The key ingredient in the success of that theory was to completely integrate out the "uninteresting" degrees of freedom of the solvent whose properties are gathered in a friction constant and a temperature. In this work we take exactly the reverse stance and ask how, by observing the motion of a tracer embedded in a living medium, one can infer the amount of energy exchange and dissipation with the surrounding medium. The main goal is to quantify the energetic properties of the medium, both injection and dissipation-wise. This is a stimulating question because there are of course striking differences between a living cell and its equilibrium polymer gel counterpart, to which newly developed [3, 4] methods of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics apply. Beyond thermal exchanges that fall within the scope of a Langevin approach, ATP consumption fuels molecular motor activity and drives relentless rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. This chemically driven continuous injection and dissipation of energy adds a nonequilibrium channel that eludes straightforward quantitative analysis. In short, a living cell is not only a fertile playground for testing new ideas from nonequilibrium physics, but also one in which these ideas can lead to a quantitative evaluation of an otherwise ill-understood activity which is of intrinsic biophysical interest. Our work addresses both aspects by a combination of active microrheology, tracking experiments, and theoretical modeling.One experimental way to access nonequilibrium physics in the intracellular medium is to focus on the deviation from thermal equilibrium behavior of the tracer's position statistics: forming the ratio of the response of the tracer's position to an infinitesimal external perturbation to its unperturbed mean-square displacement leads to a quantity that only reduces to the inverse temperature when in p-1 arXiv:1511.00921v2 [q-bio.SC]

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Noninvasive measurement of dissipation in colloidal systems

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Non-equilibrium work distribution for interacting colloidal particles under friction

Non-equilibrium work distribution for interacting colloidal particles under friction

Quantifying dissipation using fluctuating currents

Nonequilibrium dissipation in living oocytes

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