Noninvasive Measurements of the Mitral Annulus Geometry by Newly-developed Quantitation Software With Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography: A Validation Study

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) quantitative assessment of mitral apparatus geometry has been required to evaluate its unique and complicated morphology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, quantitative assessment of the mitral apparatus using 3D echocardiography has not been routinely performed because of the cumbersome nature of the measurement procedure. Recently, we had developed a novel software, REAL VIEW , which allows us 3D visualization and quantitation of mitral leaflets and annulus geometry by using transthoracic real-time 3D echocardiography [8]. In the present study, we sought to investigate the accuracy of 3D measurement using REAL VIEW. Methods AbstractBackground. Three-dimensional (3D) quantitative assessment of mitral apparatus geometry has been required to eval-

Atypical Transient Left Ventricular Basal Dysfunction and Functional Mitral Regurgitation in a Patient With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

“…The basal LV dysfunction in our patient was associated with functional mitral regurgitation, which is not common in patients with apical dysfunction [2]. Functional mitral regurgitation may be related to the unique distribution of the LV dysfunction, because geometric abnormality by basal LV dysfunction is frequently reported to cause functional ischemic mitral regurgitation [5,6]. This case report suggests that atypical transient basal LV dysfunction with functional mitral regurgitation can occasionally develop in association with subarachnoid hemorrhage.…”

Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Measurements of Distance Between Papillary Muscles and Mitral Annulus: Assessment With Three-Dimensional Quantification Software System

“…We used 3D computer software REAL VIEW ® to analyze the volumetric image. As we previously described [9][10][11][12][13], in a crosssectional plane of the mitral annulus, we defined the center of the mitral annulus in the volumetric image to set the axis through the transducer position and the center of the annulus. We also determined the anterior-posterior axis and commissure-commissure axis in the volumetric image.…”

“…Even in patients who require total excision of the mitral apparatus, the continuity can be restored with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures or mitral allograft [6][7][8].Although it is important to determine the proper length of the ePTFE sutures or allograft chordae for the resuspension, measurement of the distances between mitral annulus and papillary muscles has been difficult in clinical setting.Recently, we demonstrated three-dimensional (3D) visualization and quantitation of mitral leaflets and annulus geometry using software system, REAL VIEW ® (Y.D., Ltd, Osaka, Japan), with real-time 3D echocardiographic images [9][10][11][12][13]. Furthermore, the newest version of this software allows us 3D visualization and quantitative assessment of location of papillary muscles [14].…”

“…Recently, we demonstrated three-dimensional (3D) visualization and quantitation of mitral leaflets and annulus geometry using software system, REAL VIEW ® (Y.D., Ltd, Osaka, Japan), with real-time 3D echocardiographic images [9][10][11][12][13]. Furthermore, the newest version of this software allows us 3D visualization and quantitative assessment of location of papillary muscles [14].…”

Different Mechanisms of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Inferior and Anterior Myocardial Infarction

“…However, antero-posterior, medio-lateral, and baso-apical components of PM displacements were not investigated. Further 3-dimensional study is necessary to clarify these spatial components [32,33]. Grade of ischemic MR was generally mild to moderate, and there was no patient with severe MR and regurgitant fraction > 50%.…”