Noninvasive Monitoring of Adrenocortical Activity in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) by Measurement of Fecal Cortisol Metabolites

Dehnhard, Martin; Clauss, Marcus; Lechner‐Doll, Matthias; Meyer, H. H. D.; Palme, Rupert

doi:10.1006/gcen.2001.7656

Cited by 90 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We measured a substantial increase in circulating cortisol levels 40 minutes after ACTH administration and detected the corresponding increase in FGM levels 7-22 h post-injection with both 11-oxoetiocholanolone EIAs, respectively. Although the time of peak FGM excretion could not be determined more exactly, the noted time delay between the measured elevation in blood cortisol concentrations and the related increase in FGMs is within the range reported for other ruminants (Dehnhard et al 2001;Huber et al 2003;Kleinsasser et al 2010). As the two group-specific 11-oxoaetiocholanolone EIAs recognize different groups of metabolites, it is not surprising that their suitability varies across species as hormone metabolism is highly species specific.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Determining Adrenocortical Activity as a Measure of Stress in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Based on Faecal Analysis

et al. 2012

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Little is known about the levels of stress experienced by African buffalos affected by injury, disease, or socio-ecological and anthropogenic factors. To be able to start filling this gap, we examined the suitability of two 11-oxoaetiocholanolone enzyme-immunoassays (EIAs) detecting 11,17 dioxoandrostanes (11,17-DOA) as well as faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) with a 5b-3a-ol-11-one structure (3a,11oxo-CM), respectively, for monitoring stress-related physiological responses in African buffalo. An adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) challenge in one male and one female housed at Mokopane Biodiversity Conservation Centre, South Africa, showed a threefold increase in circulating cortisol levels in a sample taken 40 min post-injection. Corresponding 11,17-DOA levels increased tenfold (female) and 15-fold (male) above baseline, and 3a,11oxo-CM concentrations increased ninefold (female) and 12-fold (male) above pre-injection levels, indicating that both EIAs are suitable for measuring FGMs in African buffalo.In addition, 11,17-DOA levels monitored during the adaptation process of individual housing revealed an up to 14-fold elevation in FGMs. Storage of faeces at ambient temperature for up to 16 h post-defecation resulted in an significant increase in 11,17-DOA levels 2 h after defecation. Finally, higher individual baseline 11,17-DOA concentrations were found in samples defecated overnight, indicating a possible diurnal effect in excretion of FGMs in African buffalo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Determining Adrenocortical Activity as a Measure of Stress in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Based on Faecal Analysis

et al. 2012

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“…Due to the increasing demand for methods to quantify adrenal activity in zoo and wild animals in response to introduction and transportation stress, after pharmacological and management precautions to minimize stress, and the necessity to investigate stress impacts on animal welfare, noninvasive methods for measuring adrenal activity by measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites by enzyme--immunoassays (EIAs) have been developed (Dehnhard et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal cortisol metabolites as indicators of stress in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity

2015

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Blood samples collection is a common method in biological research using domestic animals. However, most blood sampling techniques are complicated and highly invasive and may therefore not be appropriate for wildlife animals in research concerning stress. Thus, a non-invasive method to measure steroid hormones is critically needed. The first goal of this study was to determine how glucocorticoids concentrations are impacted by translocation and reproductive activity in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity. The physiological relevance of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites was further validated by demonstrating: (1) The translocation of a male to a females enclosure resulted in a 3.5-fold increase compared to baseline concentrations, (2) changes in adrenocortical activity, as reflected in concentrations of fecal cortisol metabolites during reproduction, gestation and lactation in females foxes, indicating that social interactions resulted in large increases of fecal glucocorticoids metabolites during the reproductive season. From these findings we conclude that fecal samples can be used for the non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical status in crab-eating-fox.

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“…saliva, tears, urine and feces). Fecal corticosteroids have been suggested useful in non-invasive assessment of preceding stress (4-12 h prior to feces sampling) in a number of species including cats and dogs , Schatz & Palme 2001, mice, deer mice and voles (Harper & Austad 2000, Touma et al 2003, rats (Bamberg et al 2001), roe deer (Dehnhard et al 2001), and non-human primates (Whitten et al 1998, Bahr et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of chronic catheterization and automated blood sampling (Accusampler) on serum corticosterone and fecal immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites and immunoglobulin A in male rats

Royo¹,

Bjork²,

Carlsson³

et al. 2004

Journal of Endocrinology

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Jugular catheters were inserted in nine male rats under general isofluorane anesthesia and the catheters were connected to a commercially available computerized blood sampling device (Accusampler). Blood samples (150 µl) were collected every 4 h during the first 24 h after surgery and every 12 h during the following 72 h until 94 h after surgery, when the animals were killed. All fecal pellets were collected at blood sampling. Serum corticosterone and fecal concentrations of immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were quantified by ELISAs. In blood, high corticosterone concentrations (.200 ng/ml) were recorded in the first samples obtained after surgery, but the concentrations decreased steadily during the day and became cyclical, showing a diurnal variation with high levels during evenings and low levels in the mornings. The automatic blood sampling itself did not result in recordable increases in serum corticosterone concentrations. The time delay between the presence of elevated corticosterone levels in blood and in feces was approximately 12 h. Fecal immunoreactive corticosterone metabolite levels remained elevated during the 94 h study period after surgery. The fecal concentrations of IgA showed substantial between-animal variation and decreased non-significantly after the surgery. Like serum corticosterone, fecal IgA showed a diurnal variation in amounts excreted, in this case with high values in the morning and low values in the evening. The concentrations of fecal corticosterone and IgA were negatively correlated in samples obtained before surgery but no correlation existed after surgery. This indicates that fecal immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites, but not IgA, constitute a good marker of acute stress. For immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites as well as for IgA, the concentration in feces correlated well with total excretion, making single fecal samplings usable as a measure of total secretion.

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Noninvasive Monitoring of Adrenocortical Activity in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) by Measurement of Fecal Cortisol Metabolites

Cited by 90 publications

References 22 publications

Determining Adrenocortical Activity as a Measure of Stress in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Based on Faecal Analysis

Determining Adrenocortical Activity as a Measure of Stress in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Based on Faecal Analysis

Fecal cortisol metabolites as indicators of stress in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity

Impact of chronic catheterization and automated blood sampling (Accusampler) on serum corticosterone and fecal immunoreactive corticosterone metabolites and immunoglobulin A in male rats

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