Noninvasive near-infrared light triggers the remote activation of thermo-responsive TRPV1 channels in neurons based on biodegradable/photothermal polymer micelles

Abstract

In this study, we developed a novel biodegradable/photothermal polymer micelle-based remote-activation method for a temperature-sensitive ion channel, namely transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). Biodegradable/photothermal polymer...

Second Near‐Infrared (NIR‐II) Window for Imaging‐Navigated Modulation of Brain Structure and Function

“…[ 231–233 ] Recently, Pu and Hong have investigated the influence of NIR‐II photothermal modulation of semiconducting Pdot (“MINDS”) on the activation of TRPV1‐expressing hippocampus neurons in freely behaving mice, being considered to open up opportunities for social behavioral studies in small animals. [ 26 ] In addition, due to the association of the enhanced autophagy of microglia with activation of TRPV1 channels, Yuen et al. established a mice model with high expression of TRPV1 receptors on the neuronal membrane through injecting with α‐syn PFFs, and then injected the mice with anti‐TRPV1‐modified photothermal nanoagent (Cu 2‐ x Se).…”

“…Apart from the opsin, thermosensitive protein or mechanosensitive protein on neuron membrane can also control the influx of cations, which is stimulated by nanotransducers that generate heat or acoustic wave upon irradiation with NIR-II light, respectively. [26,27] In this review, we first clarify the advantage of application of NIR-II for brain. Then, we present commonly used NIR-II bioimaging modalities, depending on whether NIR-II light is used as excitation or emission and the relationship between light energy and time.…”

“…Apart from the opsin, thermosensitive protein or mechanosensitive protein on neuron membrane can also control the influx of cations, which is stimulated by nanotransducers that generate heat or acoustic wave upon irradiation with NIR‐II light, respectively. [ 26,27 ]…”

Fluorescence Imaging of Nanoparticle Uptake into Liquid‐Liquid Phase‐Separated Droplets

“…The release of NR from the PSt NP was examined in ultrapure water at 14-37 °C using dialysis using a membrane (MWCO : 3,500). [27] At defined time intervals (0-24 h), 1 mL of dialysate solution was obtained and replaced with an equal volume of fresh media. NR concentration in the dialysate samples was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 540 nm.…”

Engineering optical tools for remotely controlled brain stimulation and regeneration

“…TRPV1) which can then be targeted by polymeric nanoparticles exhibiting excellent photothermal properties, enabling heat generation with NIR activation at low power densities and thereby preserving tissue health. 82,83 However, such depolarisation is only transient as longer irradiation exposures can instead induce membrane hyperpolarisation and suppress synaptic activity. 84 Nevertheless, transcranial NIR stimulation has been investigated in several clinical trials to treat neurological disorders including depression, anxiety, and AD.…”