Noninvasive neurostimulation of left ventral motor cortex enhances sensorimotor adaptation in speech production

Scott, Terri L.; Haenchen, Laura; Daliri, Ayoub; Chartove, Julia; Guenther, Frank H.; Perrachione, Tyler K.

doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104840

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…We suggest, therefore, that the articulatory representation in left M1 is involved in generating a form of adaptation that aims to move speech production closer to a learnt pattern of speech production used to produce another vowel. It is worth noting, however, that compensatory changes in F2 did not occur in Scott et al. (2020) , under either sham or anodal motor stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…F1 compensatory changes in the same speech adaptation task were enhanced by anodal tDCS (which typically increases excitability) of left ventral motor cortex and right cerebellum relative to sham stimulation ( Lametti et al., 2018a ). A more recent study similarly found that high-definition anodal tDCS of the ventral motor cortex also enhanced compensation in F1 in response to F1 feedback perturbation ( Scott et al., 2020 ). Taken together, the results from these three studies confirm an important role for left speech motor cortex in speech adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The perturbation approach provided by rTMS allows greater precision in terms of spatial focality relative to the region stimulated by the large electrodes used in the previous tDCS study ( Brasil-Neto et al., 1992 ; Lametti et al., 2018a ). Interference methods, such as the TMS protocol used here, are arguably more convincing tests of causality compared with neuromodulatory methods, such as anodal tDCS, which induced facilitatory effects on learning in the previous study ( Lametti et al., 2018a ; Scott et al., 2020 ; Pascual-Leone et al, 1999 ). The TMS-induced “virtual lesion” approach has several advantages relative to structural lesions in the investigation of causal relationships between brain and behaviour ( Walsh & Cowey, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Disruption of speech motor adaptation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the articulatory representation in primary motor cortex

Tang

McDaniel

Watkins

2021

Cortex

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When auditory feedback perturbation is introduced in a predictable way over a number of utterances, speakers learn to compensate by adjusting their own productions, a process known as sensorimotor adaptation. Despite multiple lines of evidence indicating the role of primary motor cortex (M1) in motor learning and memory, whether M1 causally contributes to sensorimotor adaptation in the speech domain remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assay whether temporary disruption of the articulatory representation in left M1 by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) impairs speech adaptation. To induce sensorimotor adaptation, the frequencies of first formants (F1) were shifted up and played back to participants when they produced “head”, “bed”, and “dead” repeatedly (the learning phase). A low-frequency rTMS train (.6 Hz, subthreshold, 12 min) over either the tongue or the hand representation of M1 (between-subjects design) was applied before participants experienced altered auditory feedback in the learning phase. We found that the group who received rTMS over the hand representation showed the expected compensatory response for the upwards shift in F1 by significantly reducing F1 and increasing the second formant (F2) frequencies in their productions. In contrast, these expected compensatory changes in both F1 and F2 did not occur in the group that received rTMS over the tongue representation. Critically, rTMS (subthreshold) over the tongue representation did not affect vowel production, which was unchanged from baseline. These results provide direct evidence that the articulatory representation in left M1 causally contributes to sensorimotor learning in speech. Furthermore, these results also suggest that M1 is critical to the network supporting a more global adaptation that aims to move the altered speech production closer to a learnt pattern of speech production used to produce another vowel.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Disruption of speech motor adaptation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the articulatory representation in primary motor cortex

Tang

McDaniel

Watkins

2021

Cortex

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“…In the domain of speech production, tDCS was most often applied over the frontal regions of the left hemisphere, which improved speech motor learning in healthy individuals 43 , 44 and facilitated speech production in neurodegenerative apraxia of speech 45 . Two studies also demonstrated beneficial effects of anodal tDCS placed more posteriorly on motor speech learning and rehabilitation.…”

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confidence: 99%

tDCS modulates speech perception and production in second language learners

Borodkin

Gassner

Ershaid

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Accurate identification and pronunciation of nonnative speech sounds can be particularly challenging for adult language learners. The current study tested the effects of a brief musical training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on speech perception and production in a second language (L2). The sample comprised 36 native Hebrew speakers, aged 18–38, who studied English as L2 in a formal setting and had little musical training. Training encompassed musical perception tasks with feedback (i.e., timbre, duration, and tonal memory) and concurrent tDCS applied over the left posterior auditory-related cortex (including posterior superior temporal gyrus and planum temporale). Participants were randomly assigned to anodal or sham stimulation. Musical perception, L2 speech perception (measured by a categorical AXB discrimination task) and speech production (measured by a speech imitation task) were tested before and after training. There were no tDCS-dependent effects on musical perception post-training. However, only participants who received active stimulation showed increased accuracy of L2 phoneme discrimination and greater change in the acoustic properties of L2 speech sound production (i.e., second formant frequency in vowels and center of gravity in consonants). The results of this study suggest neuromodulation can facilitate the processing of nonnative speech sounds in adult learners.

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“…Prediction errors typically occur due to structural changes in speech articulators (e.g., rapid developmental changes during childhood or structural changes during the aging process) or sensory feedback (e.g., hearing impairment) (Daliri et al, 2013; Perkell, 2012; Perkell et al, 1992; Pittman et al, 2018; Vorperian et al, 2005, 2009). One could generate prediction errors in the laboratory setting by experimentally manipulating somatosensory feedback (Daliri et al, 2013; Lametti et al, 2012; Tremblay et al, 2003) or auditory feedback (Abur et al, 2018; Ballard et al, 2018; Daliri et al, 2017; Daliri & Max, 2018; Houde & Jordan, 1998; Kim et al, 2020; Kothare et al, 2020; Scott et al, 2020; Stepp et al, 2017). Due to practical reasons and the importance of auditory feedback for speech production, many studies have used auditory perturbations to induce auditory prediction errors during speaking (for a review, see Fuchs et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Relevance of Auditory Errors Decreases When Errors Are Introduced Suddenly

Chao

Daliri

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Purpose: When the speech motor system encounters errors, it generates adaptive responses to compensate for the errors. We previously showed that adaptive responses to task-irrelevant errors are significantly smaller than responses to task-relevant errors when errors are introduced gradually. The current study aimed to examine responses to task-irrelevant and task-relevant errors when errors are introduced suddenly. Method: We used an adaptation paradigm in which participants experienced task-relevant errors (induced by formant-shift perturbations) and task-irrelevant errors (induced by formant-clamp perturbations). For one group of participants (N = 30), we applied the perturbations gradually. The second group of participants (N = 30) received the perturbations suddenly. We designed the perturbations based on participant-specific vowel configurations such that a participant's first and second formants of /ɛ/ were perturbed toward their /æ/. To estimate adaptive responses, we measured formant changes (within 0–100 ms of the vowel onset) in response to the formant perturbations. Results: We found that (1) the difference between adaptive responses to formant-shift and formant-clamp perturbations was the smallest for the suddenly introduced perturbations, and (2) responses to formant-shift perturbations positively correlated with responses to formant-clamp perturbations for the suddenly (but not gradually) introduced perturbations. Conclusions: These results showed that the speech motor system responds to task-relevant errors and task-irrelevant errors more differently when errors are introduced gradually than suddenly. Overall, the speech motor system evaluates the relevance of errors and uses its evaluation to modulate its adaptive responses to errors.

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Noninvasive neurostimulation of left ventral motor cortex enhances sensorimotor adaptation in speech production

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Disruption of speech motor adaptation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the articulatory representation in primary motor cortex

Disruption of speech motor adaptation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the articulatory representation in primary motor cortex

tDCS modulates speech perception and production in second language learners

Relevance of Auditory Errors Decreases When Errors Are Introduced Suddenly

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