Noninvasive pH monitoring for bacterial detection in platelet concentrates

Loza-Correa, Maria; Perkins, Heather; Kumaran, Dilini; Kou, Yuntong; Qaisar, Ramie; Geelhood, Steven J.; Ramírez‐Arcos, Sandra

doi:10.1111/trf.13557

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, pH is used as an indicator for bacterial growth as bacteria produce by-products that are acidic, leading to a drop in pH [23]. For this reason, studies have also suggested the use of pH to monitor for bacterial contamination [24,25]. This decrease in pH over storage days is consistent with the literature available.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Ten Days Storage of Platelets: Analysis of Quality and Safety

Grech

Baron

Zammit

2022

JAMMR

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Aims: The necessity for Platelet Concentrates (PCs) in transfusion has increased, and several measures have been undertaken to try and increase the shelf-life of this product. Increasing the shelf-life to 10 days from the current 5 days will increase availability and reduce waste and cost. However, the PCs need to maintain their safety and therapeutic efficacy over the extended storage time. To ensure the safety of this product, the bag should be sterile, with low concentrations of cytokines to prevent transfusion reactions, and the platelet indices should be within the therapeutic range to ensure efficacy. The aim of this study is to determine whether PCs retain quality standards and thus, remain fit for transfusion after being stored for 10 days in SSP+ at 22±2°C with constant agitation. Study Design: Qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: National Blood Transfusion Service Malta, between March 2021 and June 2022. Methodology: In this study, 20 PCs were analysed by sampling on Day 5 and Day 10 of storage and tested for platelet count and indices, pH, sterility of the product and cytokine concentrations. Results: The results obtained showed a significant differences in the platelet count and platelet indices and pH. The difference in cytokine concentration of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF—α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were not found to be statistically different between Day 5 and Day 10. Furthermore, 1 PC unit was positive during testing for bacteria detection. Conclusion: These results showed that the difference between Day 5 and Day 10 is not alarming, and further studies should be made to prolong the storage life to 10 days.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Ten Days Storage of Platelets: Analysis of Quality and Safety

Grech

Baron

Zammit

2022

JAMMR

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“…It would be reasonable to hypothesize that the utilization of glucose by bacteria could create a microenvironment with a decreased pH that stimulates the exportation of cytoplasmic proteins to the cell surface to form a proteinaceous biofilm matrix. Indeed, a decrease in pH in contaminated PCs has been associated to high titres of bacterial contamination [48, 49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The peptidoglycan and biofilm matrix of Staphylococcus epidermidis undergo structural changes when exposed to human platelets

et al. 2019

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a bacterium frequently isolated from contaminated platelet concentrates (PCs), a blood product used to treat bleeding disorders in transfusion patients. PCs offer an accidental niche for colonization of S. epidermidis by forming biofilms and thus avoiding clearance by immune factors present in this milieu. Using biochemical and microscopy techniques, we investigated the structural changes of the peptidoglycan (PG) and the biofilm matrix of S. epidermidis biofilms formed in whole-blood derived PCs compared to biofilms grown in glucose-supplemented trypticase soy broth (TSBg). Both, the PG and the biofilm matrix are primary mechanisms of defense against environmental stress. Here we show that in PCs, the S. epidermidis biofilm matrix is mainly of a proteinaceous nature with extracellular DNA, in contrast to the predominant polysaccharide nature of the biofilm matrix formed in TSBg cultures. PG profile studies demonstrated that the PG of biofilm cells remodels during PC storage displaying fewer muropeptides variants than those observed in TSBg. The PG muropeptides contain two chemical modifications (amidation and O-acetylation) previously associated with resistance to antimicrobial agents by other staphylococci. Our study highlights two key structural features of S. epidermidis that are remodeled when exposed to human platelets and could be used as targets to reduce septic transfusions events.

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“…However, traditional pH meters have been deemed inadequate because of the high ionic strength and contamination of bacterial metabolites on the electrode surface of the culture medium. As a result, a series of new pH sensors have been developed to accurately measure bacterial growth. ,− These methods may be classified into two categories: electrochemical methods ,, and optical detection. ,,− Electrochemical methods based on redox reactions are typically susceptible to interference from the cultural solution of bacteria, as these interferences may react with the working electrodes. Furthermore, the high salt concentration of the cultural solution also affects the electrochemical reaction, resulting in a reduction in the sensitivity of the method based on field effect transistors due to the decrease of the double layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CS/PVP Hydrogel-Based Nanocapillary for Monitoring Bacterial Growth and Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Cui,

Wu,

Shi

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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Infection with drug-resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to human health. Judicious use of antibiotics could reduce the likelihood of bacterial resistance, which can be evaluated through antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). This paper focuses on the application of a needle-like nanocapillary tip filled with chitosan (CS)/polyethylene pyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogel based on its specific pH-sensitive properties. The gel-filled nanocapillary has the potential to be used for electrical pH detection with a sensitivity of 3.06 nA/pH and a linear range from 7.3 to 4.3. Such sensitivity for pH measurement could be extended for monitoring of bacterial (such as Escherichia coli and Streptococcus salivarius) growth because of the relationship between pH and bacterial growth. Bacterial growth curves obtained using the hydrogel-filled nanocapillary showed good agreement with the OD600 method. Moreover, this device could be applied for rapid AST for tetracycline and norfloxacin on E. coli with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2 and 0.125 μg/mL, respectively. This study expands the application of the hydrogelbased nanocapillary for bacterial research by monitoring changes in pH values.

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Noninvasive pH monitoring for bacterial detection in platelet concentrates

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Ten Days Storage of Platelets: Analysis of Quality and Safety

Ten Days Storage of Platelets: Analysis of Quality and Safety

The peptidoglycan and biofilm matrix of Staphylococcus epidermidis undergo structural changes when exposed to human platelets

CS/PVP Hydrogel-Based Nanocapillary for Monitoring Bacterial Growth and Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

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