“…By applying Eq. (5), to the studied systems, an apparent activation energy E a of 56.59 kJ/mol has been found for the epoxy-amine system (E_TETA), which is consistent with typical results (50-70 kJ/mol) for a number of epoxy-amine polymerizations [51][52][53][54][55]. For the epoxy-DES systems the values of apparent activation energy are much higher, between 86.26 and 99.77 kJ/mol, as expected since in the systems the curing agent is not present, confirming the calorimetric results reported in Table 4.…”
Section: Kinetic Modeling Of Nonisothermal Reactionssupporting
“…By applying Eq. (5), to the studied systems, an apparent activation energy E a of 56.59 kJ/mol has been found for the epoxy-amine system (E_TETA), which is consistent with typical results (50-70 kJ/mol) for a number of epoxy-amine polymerizations [51][52][53][54][55]. For the epoxy-DES systems the values of apparent activation energy are much higher, between 86.26 and 99.77 kJ/mol, as expected since in the systems the curing agent is not present, confirming the calorimetric results reported in Table 4.…”
Section: Kinetic Modeling Of Nonisothermal Reactionssupporting
“…Recent studies on epoxy resins reveal that these resins undergo highly complicated reactions involving various possible elementary reaction pathways, complex mass transfer processes, and a number of physico-chemical transitions [33]. Evidently, the E versus a curves shown in Fig.…”
Section: Interpretation Of E-a Dependenciesmentioning
This article reports an evaluation study of the thermal degradation mechanisms of electrically insulating and conducting epoxy/Sn composites by using solid-state kinetic approaches and structural characterizations.Comparison of the thermoanalytical data of epoxy/Sn composites with pure epoxy shows that the addition of tin in epoxy catalyzes the thermal degradation of epoxy and the catalytic ability of tin depends upon its contents in epoxy. Kinetic modeling of the phenomena elaborates the thermal behaviors of epoxy/Sn composites in terms of the comparison of their activation parameters and reaction models. Friedman's differential and ArshadMaaroufi's generalized linear integral isoconversional methods are used to obtain the variation in activation energies with the advancement of reaction. Advanced reaction model determination methodology is effectively employed to evaluate the reaction mechanisms of epoxy/Sn composites. Kinetic analysis suggests that tin increases the thermal degradation rate of epoxy by lowering the activation energy barrier of reaction. It is worth noticing that the parameters of the probable reaction model, i.e., Sest ak Berggren have been found nearly the same for pure epoxy and epoxy/Sn composites, revealing weak epoxy-tin interactions in the composites. The mechanistic information obtained by kinetic analysis fairly agrees with the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results.
“…In fact, the curing reaction of epoxy is very complex involving various possible elementary reaction pathways, complex mass transfer processes and a number of physicochemical transition [35], and it is possible that the activation energy would change in every fraction of time. In this study, an effort was made to calculate the variable activation energy, Ea, as a function of extent of conversion with Kissinger method.…”
Section: Further Evidence Of Grafting Reaction Between Go Andmentioning
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