Nonlinear acoustical response of coated microbubbles in diagnostic ultrasound

Uhlendorf, V.; Hoffmann, C. W.

doi:10.1109/ultsym.1994.401889

Cited by 80 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The microbubbles in these agents do not aggregate, are biologically inert and safe, 18,19 remain entirely within the vascular space, 20,21 have an intravascular rheology that is very similar to that of erythrocytes, 20 -22 respond nonlinearly to ultrasound, [23][24][25] and are eliminated from the body via the reticuloendothelial system with their gas escaping from the lungs.…”

Section: Some Historical and Technical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, small perturbations can cause large effects. 24,25 With the use of novel signal processing techniques, the nonlinear signals emanating from these oscillating microbubbles can be amplified, and the linear signals can be suppressed, resulting in myocardial opacification. 26 With the use of these approaches, both high-mechanical index intermittent imaging (with the use of B-mode and power Doppler) as well as low-mechanical index continuous imaging are currently being employed for MCE.…”

Section: Some Historical and Technical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Kaul

2008

Circulation

117

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Section: Some Historical and Technical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Some Historical and Technical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Kaul

2008

Circulation

117

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“…Stimulated acoustic emission was first noted with the encapsulated bubble Sonavist (Fig. 7) [9,48,51,54,55]. Several mechanisms appear to be at work and this has given rise to confusion regarding nomenclature.…”

Section: Stimulated Acoustic Emission/loss Of Correlation Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mechanisms appear to be at work and this has given rise to confusion regarding nomenclature. Initially, active emission was thought to be the most importance component of this effect since microbubble disruption is known to be associated with the production of ultrasound signals which can be detected by ultrasound systems [54]. Bauer et al [11] hypothesised that another process may be responsible for this phenomenon.…”

Section: Stimulated Acoustic Emission/loss Of Correlation Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in ultrasound contrast media

Harvey¹,

Blomley²,

Eckersley³

et al. 2001

European Radiology

151

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Ultrasound microbubble contrast agents are effective and safe echo enhancers. An ingenious array of methods are employed to achieve stability and provide a clinically useful enhancement period. Microbubbles enhance ultrasound signals by up to 25 dB (greater than 300-fold increase) due to resonant behaviour. This is used to rescue failed Doppler studies and may be extended to image the microcirculation of tumours and the myocardium using non-linear modes. Functional studies open up a whole range of applications by using a variety of active and passive quantitation techniques to derive indices from the transit of contrast through a tissue of interest. This has been especially successful in the detection of liver metastases and cirrhosis and shows great promise as a clinical tool. It also has great potential in measuring microcirculatory flow velocity. The demonstration that some microbubbles are not just pure blood pool agents but have a hepatosplenic specific phase has extended the versatility of ultrasound. Imaging of this stationary phase with non-linear modes such as phase inversion and stimulated acoustic emission, has improved the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the detection and characterisation of focal liver lesions to rival that of CT and MR.

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“…Im Verlauf einer Sequenz von Doppler-Impulsen kommt es infolge Oszillation, Freisetzung und letztendlich Mikrosphärenkollaps zu einer erheblichen Variation der emmittierten Signalintensität. Das Phänomen, das Mikrosphären in einem derartigen Prozess als aktive Schallquellen agieren, wird als "stimulierte akustische Emission" beschrieben (14). Das Farbdoppler-System interpretiert diese Puls-zu-Puls Variation der empfangenen sequentiellen Doppler-Signale aufgrund der fehlenden Korrelation als zufälligen Doppler-Shift, der entsprechend farbkodiert dargestellt wird (3).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Myokardiale Kontrastechokardiografie mit harmonischem Power Doppler Verfahren und dem lungengängigen Ultraschallkontrastmittel SHU 563A zur Darstellung von myokardialen Perfusionsstörungen Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen bei akuter Ischämie und nach Reperfusion

et al. 2000

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The current approach for the assessment of myocardial perfusion using contrast echocardiography involves black-and-white gray scale imaging in b-mode. For better appreciation of perfusion abnormalities, off-line postprocessing techniques including color encoding are used. In this study, we examined whether we could exploit the contrast microbubble response to high ultrasound amplitude--the phenomenon of stimulated acoustic emission--that could be recorded with harmonic power Doppler (HPD) in color to identify myocardial perfusion defects. To assess the potential of HPD, we occluded branches of the left coronary artery for 2-3 h followed by 1 h reperfusion in 10 dogs. After transvenous administration of the new air-filled contrast agent SHU 563A, echocardiographic imaging was performed with ECG-triggered harmonic b-mode (HBM) and the harmonic power Doppler (HPD) approach in different short (SAX) and long axis (LAX) views. Post-mortem TTC staining was performed to verify infarction. HBM, HPD and TTC data were analyzed by independent observers. During coronary occlusion, HPD with SHU 563A showed perfusion defects in 10 dogs in all SAX and LAX views. HBM demonstrated perfusion defects in all dogs in SAX and in 8 dogs in LAX. The correlation of perfusion defect size between HPD and HBM images was good (SAX: r = 0.9, p < 0.001, LAX: r = 0.7, p < 0.01). One hour after reperfusion, both HPD and HBM showed perfusion defects with SHU 563A in 7 dogs. Five dogs showed TTC evidence of infarction. Perfusion defect size by HPD correlated well with residual infarct size (r = 0.8, p < 0.01), while defect size by HBM showed poor correlation (r = 0.3, p = ns). Myocardial contrast echocardiography with HPD and contrast agent SHU 563A identifies perfusion defects in acute coronary occlusion as reliably as HBM. After reperfusion HPD and SHU 563A accurately portray the site and size of residual myocardial infarction on line, in color. This approach has excellent potential for clinical application.

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Nonlinear acoustical response of coated microbubbles in diagnostic ultrasound

Cited by 80 publications

References 3 publications

Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Developments in ultrasound contrast media

Myokardiale Kontrastechokardiografie mit harmonischem Power Doppler Verfahren und dem lungengängigen Ultraschallkontrastmittel SHU 563A zur Darstellung von myokardialen Perfusionsstörungen Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen bei akuter Ischämie und nach Reperfusion

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