Nonlinear behavior and turbulence spectra of drift waves and Rossby waves

Hasegawa, Akira; Maclennan, C. G.; Kodama, Yuji

doi:10.1063/1.862504

Cited by 416 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The closest and most important parallel to plasma drift waves is the analogy with the Rossby waves and vortices in geophysical atmospheric and oceanographic disturbances with periods long compared to the rotational period of the planet. Mima (1977, 1978) and Hasegawa et al (1979) developed the limit in which the two models become isomorphic. The correspondence is due to the Coriolis force having the same mathematical form as the Lorentz force.…”

Section: Drift-wave Diffusivities and The Ion Inertial Scale Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drift waves and transport

1999

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Drift waves occur universally in magnetized plasmas producing the dominant mechanism for the transport of particles, energy and momentum across magnetic field lines. A wealth of information obtained from quasistationary laboratory experiments for plasma confinement is reviewed for drift waves driven unstable by density gradients, temperature gradients and trapped particle effects. The modern understanding of Bohm transport and the role of sheared flows and magnetic shear in reducing the transport to the gyro-Bohm rate are explained and illustrated with large scale computer simulations. The types of mixed wave and vortex turbulence spontaneously generated in nonuniform plasmas are derived with reduced magnetized fluid descriptions. The types of theoretical descriptions reviewed include weak turbulence theory, Kolmogorov anisotropic spectral indices, and the mixing length. A number of standard turbulent diffusivity formulas are given for the various space-time scales of the drift-wave turbulent mixing. [S0034-6861(99)00803-X] CONTENTS

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Section: Drift-wave Diffusivities and The Ion Inertial Scale Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drift waves and transport

1999

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“…1,2 Shear decorrelation of turbulence can and has been shown to occur by mean E ϫ B flows, 3,4 but can also result from time-varying Ẽ ϫ B flows, such as occurring in zonal flows ͑ZFs͒ identified as toroidal and poloidal symmetric potential structures ͑m = n =0͒ with finite radial wavelength. 5 Such ZFs might thus also be important ingredients in regulating turbulence and hence take part in explaining the transition from low to high ͑L-H͒ confinement regimes. [6][7][8][9] Investigations into ZFs have been intensified recently, both theoretically and experimentally as reviewed in Refs.…”

Section: Long-distance Correlation and Zonal Flow Structures Induced mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-distance correlation and zonal flow structures induced by mean E×B shear flows in the biasing H-mode at TEXTOR

Jachmich

Weynants

et al. 2009

Physics of Plasmas

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“…Zonal flows have been expected to be present in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas [4] since the characteristics of drift wave turbulence in the plasmas are analogous to Rossby wave turbulence to cause the phenomena in the rotating planets. Recently, their crucial role in determining the turbulent level and resultant transport has been widely recognized, and the identification of the zonal flows becomes an urgent issue in the fusion research to enhance the prospect of plasma burning in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [5][6][7].…”

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Identification of Zonal Flows in a Toroidal Plasma

et al. 2004

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This Letter presents experimental confirmation of the presence of zonal flows in magnetically confined toroidal plasma using an advanced diagnostic system -dual heavy ion beam probes. The simultaneous observation of an electric field at two distant toroidal locations ( 1:5 m apart) in the high temperature ( 1 keV) plasma provides a fluctuation spectrum of electric field (or flow), a spatiotemporal structure of the zonal flows (characteristic radial length of 1:5 cm and lifetime of 1:5 ms), their long-range correlation with toroidal symmetry n 0 , and the difference in the zonal flow amplitude with and without a transport barrier. These constitute essential elements of turbulence-zonal flow systems, and illustrate one of the fundamental processes of structure formation in nature. Zonal flows-azimuthally symmetric bandlike shear flows-are ubiquitous phenomena in the Universe [1][2][3]; examples include Jovian belts and zones, the terrestrial atmospheric jet stream, the super-rotation of the Venusian atmosphere, and the rotation profile of the solar tachocline. Zonal flows have been expected to be present in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas [4] since the characteristics of drift wave turbulence in the plasmas are analogous to Rossby wave turbulence to cause the phenomena in the rotating planets. Recently, their crucial role in determining the turbulent level and resultant transport has been widely recognized, and the identification of the zonal flows becomes an urgent issue in the fusion research to enhance the prospect of plasma burning in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [5][6][7].In toroidal plasmas, the zonal flows emerge in electric field fluctuation symmetric m n 0 on magnetic flux surface with finite radial wave numbers (see for review, e.g., [8,9]). Two major branches of zonal flows are expected in magnetic confined toroidal plasmas, i.e., a residual flow of nearly zero frequency, and an oscillatory flow termed geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) [10,11]. These zonal flows are driven exclusively by nonlinear interactions (or inverse cascade) through energy transfer from the microscopic drift waves. Inversely, the zonal flows regulate the drift wave turbulence and resultant transports. The time-varying E B shearing of zonal flows, similar to the mean flows [12], has a significant effect on plasma turbulence and transport.Direct nonlinear simulations have, in fact, confirmed the appearance of and generation processes for zonal flows [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and their essential role in turbulence and transport of toroidal plasmas. In experiments, however, only indirect signs have been obtained for zonal flows and their role in confinement. Coherent oscillations presumed to be GAMs were detected in measurements with a heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) [21,22], with traditional probes [23,24], and with beam emission spectroscopy using a modified time-delayed-estimation analysis technique [25]. Bicoherence analysis showed an increase in nonlinear interaction between zonal flows and turbule...

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Nonlinear behavior and turbulence spectra of drift waves and Rossby waves

Cited by 416 publications

References 22 publications

Drift waves and transport

Drift waves and transport

Long-distance correlation and zonal flow structures induced by mean E×B shear flows in the biasing H-mode at TEXTOR

Identification of Zonal Flows in a Toroidal Plasma

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