Nonlinear bending behavior of a multilayer copper conductor in a dynamic power cable

Hu, Haitao; Yan, Jun; Sævik, Svein; Ye, Naiquan; Lu, Qingzhen; Bu, Yufeng

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110831

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The bending moments are slightly higher for curvatures around the z-axis than for curvatures around the y-axis. These results align with the nonlinear bending behavior described by Hu et al [11]. In their study, the layout of the cable cross-section with the three helically wounded copper wire layers is stated as the reason for this nonlinearity.…”

Section: Nonlinear Bending Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The bending moment continues to increase linearly for curvatures higher than the ones stated in the figure until at least 0.2 m −1 . Based on the results from Hu et al [11], it increases similarly until the minimum bending radius of the cable is reached. The bending moment increases with higher axial tensions.…”

Section: Nonlinear Bending Behaviormentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Dynamic power cables show nonlinear bending behavior due to friction, contact, and slip effects between the wires in the same layer and between wires of different layers [11]. The nonlinear bending behavior of the power cable is determined through finite-element analysis in UFLEX.…”

Section: Nonlinear Bending Behavior Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lowest fatigue life occurred at the locations with the maximum tension range, and the main contributors to the fatigue of the copper conductor were local friction effects. Hu et al [11] investigated the bending behavior of a copper conductor inside a dynamic power cable experimentally and numerically. They stated that the nonlinear bending of the power cable is the main factor leading to fatigue failures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fatigue Analysis of Inter-Array Power Cables between Two Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Including a Simplified Method to Estimate Stress Factors

Beier,

Schnepf,

Van Steel

et al. 2023

JMSE

Self Cite

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The use of floating offshore wind farms for electrical energy supply is expected to rise significantly over the coming years. Suspended inter-array power cables are a new design to connect floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) with shorter cable lengths than conventional setups. The present study investigates the fatigue life of a suspended power cable with attached buoys connecting two spar-type FOWTs. Typical environmental conditions for the North Sea are applied. The nonlinear bending behavior of the power cable is considered in the analysis. Fatigue assessment is performed using the numerical software OrcaFlex based on stress factors obtained from cross-section analysis. An effective method for obtaining the stress factors is proposed for early engineering design stages and compared with the finite element software UFLEX simulation results. The simplified method delivers similar results for axial tension loads and conservative results for bending loads compared with results obtained from the finite element software. Stress components resulting from curvature variation are identified as the main contributors to fatigue damage. The most critical locations along the power cable for fatigue life are close to the hang-off points.

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Section: Nonlinear Bending Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Nonlinear Bending Behaviormentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Nonlinear Bending Behavior Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fatigue Analysis of Inter-Array Power Cables between Two Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Including a Simplified Method to Estimate Stress Factors

Beier,

Schnepf,

Van Steel

et al. 2023

JMSE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They also provide mechanical properties that reduce the risk of structural integrity degradation if appropriately designed, such as fatigue, fretting, and wear caused by cyclic loading conditions from the cable's motions. Many studies in the literature have presented results from numerical simulations and experiments of armored dynamic power cables [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Most of them emphasized bending-induced loading conditions and fatigue experiments since this loading mode causes wear and fretting damage to the cable's parts and components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Low Stiffness Marine Power Cables through Tension, Bending, Torsion, and Fatigue Testing

Ringsberg,

Dieng,

et al. 2023

JMSE

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The exploitation and harnessing of offshore marine renewable energy have led to an increased demand for reliable marine power cables with long service lives. These cables constitute a considerable share of the total installation cost of offshore renewable energy facilities and have high maintenance and repair costs. The critical characteristics of these power cables must be determined to reduce the risk of exceeding their ultimate strength or fatigue life, which can result in unwanted and unexpected failures. This study investigates dynamic marine power cables that are suitable for application in devices that harness energy from ocean currents, waves, and tides. Tension, bending, torsion, and fatigue tests were conducted on three dynamic power cables (1 kV, 3.6 kV, and 24 kV) that have high flexibility, i.e., low mechanical stiffness. The specimen lengths and axial pretension force were varied during the tests. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanical fatigue degradation and ultimate design load, and the key observations and lessons learned from the tests are clarified. The study’s main contribution is the results from physical component testing of the dynamic marine power cables without metallic armors, which can be used to calibrate numerical models of this type of dynamic marine power cable in the initial design of, e.g., inter-array cables between floating wave energy converters. The benefits offered by this type of cable and the importance of the results for creating reliable numerical simulation models in the future are highlighted.

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Measurement of the Tension Loss in a Cable Traveling Over a Pulley, for Low-Speed Applications

Máté,

Szekrényes

2024

Exp Mech

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Background Wire ropes or cables are widely used solutions for force transmission in several industrial applications. Their hysteretic behavior may significantly influence control accuracy or the force transmission’s efficiency. Cables traveling through sheaves can suffer a relatively high tension loss, which this article addresses. Objective This paper aims to present a simple measurement method for the tension loss in cables traveling over sheaves on bearings. Methods The presented measurement method uses a cable-pulley system with a spring installed at one cable end. The pulley is moved in a zig-zag pattern. The force is measured on both cable ends; this way, the tension loss can be determined as a function of the cable tension. The force was measured with S-type load cells, which are highly sensitive to off-axis loads; this problem can be overcome by proving that the force measurement has a proportional error, which can be eliminated from the frictional coefficient. The measurements are compared to two models from the literature; one approximates the power loss of a cable drive by calculating the work of the cable’s inner friction, and the other is a cable bending model, which is used to determine the hysteretic energy of the cyclic bending. Results The result of the measurement evaluation is a coefficient of tension loss that contains the loss coming from the cable bending and the bearing friction. Four cable types and a steel strip with negligible bending hysteresis were measured, the latter for control measurement. It is demonstrated that a significant part of the tension loss originates from the inner friction of the cable and that it is equal to the hysteretic energy of the cyclic bending. Conclusion The presented method provides a robust measurement for the tension loss factor in cables traveling over pulleys. It is proven that the off-axis loads cause a proportional error in the force measured by S-type load cells, and this measurement error can be eliminated from the tension loss factor. The results demonstrated that the presented models can be used to predict the tension loss in cables traveling over sheaves.

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Nonlinear bending behavior of a multilayer copper conductor in a dynamic power cable

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Fatigue Analysis of Inter-Array Power Cables between Two Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Including a Simplified Method to Estimate Stress Factors

Fatigue Analysis of Inter-Array Power Cables between Two Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Including a Simplified Method to Estimate Stress Factors

Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Low Stiffness Marine Power Cables through Tension, Bending, Torsion, and Fatigue Testing

Measurement of the Tension Loss in a Cable Traveling Over a Pulley, for Low-Speed Applications

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