“…The carbon nanotube (CNT) is a remarkable reinforcement for composite materials with excellent mechanical, electrical, absorbance, and thermal conduction properties (Chen et al, 2018;Li et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021a;Wang et al, 2022), including light weight, superior stiffness, and strength, and is commonly used in aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering fields (Zhang et al, 2022). The functionally graded materials (FGMs) are inhomogenous composites, and the material properties change smoothly and continuously along one or more directions (Li et al, 2019;Tam et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2021a). Compared with laminated materials, FGMs are able to reduce thermal stresses, residual stresses, and stress concentration factors (Datta, 2021).…”