Nonlinear co-generation of graphene plasmons for optoelectronic logic gates

Abstract

Surface plasmons in graphene provide a compelling strategy for advanced photonic technologies thanks to their tight confinement, fast response and tunability. Recent advances in the field of all-optical generation of graphene’s plasmons in planar waveguides offer a promising method for high-speed signal processing in nanoscale integrated optoelectronic devices. Here, we use two counter propagating frequency combs with temporally synchronized pulses to demonstrate deterministic all-optical generation and electrical control of multiple plasmon polaritons, excited via difference frequency generation (DFG). Electrical tuning of a hybrid graphene-fiber device offers a precise control over the DFG phase-matching, leading to tunable responses of the graphene’s plasmons at different frequencies and provides a powerful tool for high-speed logic operations. Our results offer new insights for plasmonics on hybrid photonic devices based on layered materials and pave the way to high-speed integrated optoelectronic computing circuits.

Parametric Nonlinear Optics with Layered Materials and Related Heterostructures

“…Another strategy for light–matter interaction enhancement is the integration of 2D materials into optical fibers. [ 3,132,236–238 ] Zuo et al., have successfully grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method 1L $$\mathrm{MoS}_2$$ on the internal walls of a $$\mathrm{SiO}_2$$ hollow capillary optical fiber (as shown in Figure 10d) [ 236 ] (CVD growth of $$\mathrm{MoS}_2$$ and $$\mathrm{WS}_2$$ monolayers on the core of an optical fiber has been independently performed by Ngo et al. [ 239 ] ).…”

“…[214] Another strategy for light-matter interaction enhancement is the integration of 2D materials into optical fibers. [3,132,[236][237][238] Zuo et al, have successfully grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method 1L MoS 2 on the internal walls of a SiO 2 hollow capillary optical fiber (as shown in Figure 10d) [236] (CVD growth of MoS 2 and WS 2 monolayers on the core of an optical fiber has been independently performed by Ngo et al [239] ). By tuning the excitation photon energy below the optical bandgap of MoS 2 to ensure low propagation losses for both incident radiation and generated harmonic signals, the authors demonstrated >300-fold enhancement of SHG and THG for a fiber length of ≈ 25 cm in comparison to MoS 2 on a fused silica substrate.…”

Integrated optoelectronics with two-dimensional materials

“…Based on innovative designs of 2D-material-integrated nanostructured photonic devices, it is possible to further minimize optoelectronic devices' footprints as well as improve the operating speeds. Furthermore, since plasmons could be excited at the mid-IR even near-IR spectral region in 2D materials (e.g., graphene) [225,226], it opens an avenue to develop atomic-layer thickness plasmonic integrated circuits with ultracompact footprints and flexible electric-gate tunability for optical interconnects and sensing.…”