“…Among notable studies, many researchers examine the spillover effect of digital currencies in general and of Bitcoin, in particular, on several types of conventional assets, such as stocks, gold, and currencies (Akhtaruzzaman et al, 2022;Elsayed et al, 2022;Guesmi et al, 2019;Klein et al, 2018;Kristjanpoller & Bouri, 2019;Mo et al, 2022;Zeng et al, 2020). Meanwhile, the realm of cryptocurrencies has also been vastly examined from various perspectives, including return and volatility (Bianchi & Babiak, 2022;Chaim & Laurini, 2018;Huang et al, 2022;Malladi & Dheeriya, 2021), fundamental value (Cheah & Fry, 2015;Vidal-Tomás, 2022), and liquidity dynamics (Eross et al, 2019;Li et al, 2022;Scharnowski, 2020;Tong et al, 2022). However, these studies are mainly from the perspective of mainstream finance.…”